These Regulations provide which courts are relevant courts for the purposes of section 6 of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c. 16) (the Act). This means that they are not bound by retained EU case law to the extent provided by these Regulations. Retained EU case law is defined under section 6(7) of the Act as any principles laid down by, and any decisions of, the Court of Justice of the European Union, as they have effect in EU law immediately before IP completion day, subject to certain exceptions, as those principles and decisions are modified by or under the Act or other domestic law from time to time.