14 Aug 2019 [2019] EWHC 2215 (Admin), DC
09 Oct 2020 [2020] EWCA Civ 1301; [2021] 1 WLR 418; [2020] WLR(D) 556, CA (Sir Geoffrey Vos C, Macur, Nicola Davies LJJ)
13 Dec 2021 (appn all) [2022] 1 WLR 700, SC(E) (Lord Reed PSC, Lord Leggatt, Lord Stephens JJSC)
05 Jul 2023 [2023] UKSC 24; [2023] 1 WLR 2300; [2023] ICR 1103; [2023] 4 All ER 407; The Times, 7 August 2023, SC(E) (Lord Lloyd-Jones, Lord Sales, Lord Leggatt, Lord Burrows, Lord Stephens JJSC)
POLICE — Discipline — Misconduct — Firearms officer shooting and killing suspect in mistaken belief suspect armed — Whether officer having case to answer for gross misconduct in using excessive force — Whether gross misconduct to be assessed by reference to criminal law test relating to self-defence — Police (Conduct) Regulations 2012 (SI 2012/2632), Sch 2
[2020] EWCA Civ 1301; [2021] 1 WLR 418; [2020] WLR(D) 556, CA
POLICE — Discipline — Misconduct — Police officer shooting and killing suspect in mistaken belief suspect armed — Whether officer having case to answer for gross misconduct in using unreasonable force — Whether reasonableness of force used to be assessed by reference to criminal law test relating to self-defence or civil law test — Police (Conduct) Regulations 2012 (SI 2012/2632), Sch 2
[2023] UKSC 24; [2023] 1 WLR 2300; [2023] ICR 1103; [2023] 4 All ER 407; The Times, 7 August 2023, SC(E)
R (Officer W80) v Director General of the Independent Office for Police Conduct [2019] EWHC 2215 (Admin), DC
Decision of the Divisional Court of the Queen’s Bench Division reversed
R (Officer W80) v Director General of the Independent Office for Police Conduct [2020] EWCA Civ 1301; [2021] 1 WLR 418; [2020] WLR(D) 556, CA
R (Officer W80) v Director General of the Independent Office for Police Conduct [2020] EWCA Civ 1301; [2021] 1 WLR 418; [2020] WLR(D) 556, CA
Decision of the Court of Appeal affirmed on partly different grounds
R (Officer W80) v Director General of the Independent Office for Police Conduct [2023] UKSC 24; [2023] 1 WLR 2300; [2023] ICR 1103; [2023] 4 All ER 407; The Times, 7 August 2023, SC(E)
Statutory Instruments
Cases considered in: R (Officer W80) v Director General of the Independent Office for Police Conduct [2023] UKSC 24; [2023] 1 WLR 2300; [2023] ICR 1103; [2023] 4 All ER 407; The Times, 7 August 2023, SC(E)
R v Keane (Daniel John) [2010] EWCA Crim 2514; [2011] Crim LR 393, CA Considered
Ashley v Chief Constable of Sussex Police [2008] AC 962; [2008] 2 WLR 975; [2008] 3 All ER 573; The Times, 24 April 2008, HL(E) Considered
O’Hara v Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary [1997] AC 286; [1997] 2 WLR 1; [1997] 2 All ER 129; [1997] 1 Cr App R 447, HL(NI) Considered
R v Williams (Gladstone) [1983] EWCA Crim 4; [1987] 3 All ER 411; (1984) 78 Cr App R 276, CA Considered
Cases cited in: R (Officer W80) v Director General of the Independent Office for Police Conduct [2019] EWHC 2215 (Admin), DC
Ashley v Chief Constable of Sussex Police [2006] EWCA Civ 1085; [2007] 1 WLR 398; The Times, 30 August 2006, CA
Boyle v SCA Packaging Ltd (Equality and Human Rights Commission intervening) [2009] UKHL 37; [2009] ICR 1056; [2009] 4 All ER 1181; [2009] WLR (D) 222, HL(NI)
Chief Executive Of The Ippc (R on the Application of) v Independent Police Complaints Commission [2016] EWHC 2993 (Admin), DC
Da Silva v United Kingdom (2016) 63 EHHR 12
Erenbilge (R on the application of ) v Independent Police Complaints Commission [2013] EWHC 1397 (Admin), QBD
Fuglers Llp v Solicitors Regulation Authority [2014] EWHC 179 (Admin), QBD
McCann v United Kingdom (1996) 21 EHHR 97
Palmer v The Queen [1971] AC 814; [1971] 2 WLR 831; [1971] 1 All ER 1077; 55 Cr App R 223, PC
R (Chief Constable of Cleveland Constabulary) v Police Appeals Tribunal [2017] EWHC 1286 (Admin); [2017] ICR 1212; [2017] WLR (D) 372, QBD
R (Maughan) v Oxfordshire Senior Coroner (Chief Coroner of England and Wales intervening) [2019] EWCA Civ 809; [2019] QB 1218; [2019] 3 WLR 365; [2019] 3 All ER 567; [2019] WLR (D) 271, CA
R v Keane (Daniel John) [2010] EWCA Crim 2514; [2011] Crim LR 393, CA
R v Kimber [1983] 1 WLR 1118; [1983] 3 All ER 316; 77 Cr App R 225, CA
R v Morgan (William Anthony) [1976] AC 182; [1975] 2 WLR 913; [1975] 1 All ER 8, CA
R v Williams (Gladstone) [1983] EWCA Crim 4; [1987] 3 All ER 411; (1984) 78 Cr App R 276, CA
Regina (Duggan) v North London Assistant Deputy Coroner [2014] EWHC 3343 (Admin); [2016] 1 WLR 525; [2015] 3 All ER 237; [2014] WLR (D) 431, DC
Regina (Duggan) v North London Assistant Deputy Coroner [2017] EWCA Civ 142; [2017] 1 WLR 2199; [2017] 4 All ER 104; [2017] WLR (D) 231, CA
The Queen on the Application of Commissioner of City of London Police v Independent Office for Police Conduct [2018] EWHC 2997 (Admin), QBD
Cases cited in: R (Officer W80) v Director General of the Independent Office for Police Conduct [2020] EWCA Civ 1301; [2021] 1 WLR 418; [2020] WLR(D) 556, CA
AB v A Chief Constable [2014] EWHC 1965 (QB), QBD
Ali v General Medical Council [2017] EWHC 741 (Admin), QBD
Andronicou v Cyprus CE:ECHR:1997:1009JUD002505294; 25 EHRR 491
Ashley v Chief Constable of Sussex Police [2008] AC 962; [2008] 2 WLR 975; [2008] 3 All ER 573; The Times, 24 April 2008, HL(E)
Baxendale-Walker v Law Society [2007] EWCA Civ 233; [2008] 1 WLR 426; [2007] 3 All ER 330, CA
Beckford v The Queen [1988] AC 130; [1987] 3 WLR 611; [1987] 3 All ER 425; 85 Cr App R 378, PC
Black-Clawson International Ltd v Papierwerke Waldhof-Aschaffenburg AG [1975] AC 591; [1975] 2 WLR 513; [1975] 1 All ER 810; [1975] 2 Lloyd's Rep 11, HL(E)
Boyle v SCA Packaging Ltd (Equality and Human Rights Commission intervening) [2009] UKHL 37; [2009] ICR 1056; [2009] 4 All ER 1181; [2009] WLR (D) 222, HL(NI)
Chief Constable Of Cumbria Constabulary v Wright [2006] EWHC 3574 (Admin), QBD
Crawford v HM Advocate 1950 JC 67
Da Silva v United Kingdom CE:ECHR:2016:0330JUD000587808; 63 EHRR 12, GC
Erenbilge (R on the application of ) v Independent Police Complaints Commission [2013] EWHC 1397 (Admin), QBD
Fuglers Llp v Solicitors Regulation Authority [2014] EWHC 179 (Admin), QBD
Gorgiev v Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia CE:ECHR:2012:0419JUD004938206
Independent Police Complaints Commission (R on the application of) v Assistant Comr Hayman [2008] EWHC 2191 (Admin), QBD
Jones v HM Advocate 1990 JC 160, HJC
Laker Airways Ltd v Department of Trade [1977] QB 643; [1977] 2 WLR 234; [1977] 2 All ER 182, CA
Lee v United Kingdom CE:ECHR:2000:0516DEC005342999; [2000] Po LR 170
Makaratzis v Greece CE:ECHR:2004:1220JUD005038599; 41 EHRR 49, GC
McCann v United Kingdom CE:ECHR:1995:0927JUD001898491; 21 EHRR 97, GC
Owens v HM Advocate 1946 JC 119
Palmer v The Queen [1971] AC 814; [1971] 2 WLR 831; [1971] 1 All ER 1077; 55 Cr App R 223, PC
Paponette v Attorney General of Trinidad and Tobago [2010] UKPC 32; [2012] 1 AC 1; [2011] 3 WLR 219; [2010] WLR (D) 323; Case details, PC
R (Ali) v Newham London Borough Council [2012] EWHC 2970 (Admin); [2013] LGR 230, QBD
R (Bancoult) v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (No 2) [2008] UKHL 61; [2009] AC 453; [2008] 3 WLR 955; [2008] 4 All ER 1055, HL(E)
R (CXF) v Central Bedfordshire Council [2018] EWCA Civ 2852; [2019] 1 WLR 1862; [2019] 3 All ER 20; (2019) 166 BMLR 191; [2019] Med LR 88; [2018] WLR (D) 790; The Times, 23 January 2019, CA
R (Crompton) v Police and Crime Comr for South Yorkshire [2017] EWHC 1349 (Admin); [2018] 1 WLR 131; [2017] WLR (D) 393; [2017] WLR(D) 393, QBD
R (Green) v Police Complaints Authority [2004] UKHL 6; [2004] 1 WLR 725; [2004] 2 All ER 209, HL(E)
R (Khatun) v Newham London Borough Council [2004] EWCA Civ 55; [2005] QB 37; [2004] 3 WLR 417; [2004] LGR 696, CA
R (Munjaz) v Mersey Care NHS Trust [2005] UKHL 58; [2006] 2 AC 148; [2005] 3 WLR 793; [2006] 4 All ER 736, HL(E)
R (Peters) v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire Police [2014] EWHC 1458 (Admin); [2014] CN 885, QBD
R (Williams) v Police Appeals Tribunal [2016] EWHC 2708 (Admin); [2017] ICR 235; [2016] WLR (D) 591, QBD
R (X) v Tower Hamlets London Borough Council [2013] EWCA Civ 904; [2013] 4 All ER 237; [2013] LGR 721; [2014] 1 FLR 1076; [2013] CN 1182, CA
R v Cheeseman (Steven) [2019] EWCA Crim 149; [2019] 1 WLR 3621; [2019] 1 Cr App R 34; [2019] WLR (D) 90, Ct-MAC
R v Eren (Izzet) [2016] EWCA Crim 2206, CA
R v Islington London Borough Council, Ex p Rixon (1996) 32 BMLR 136; [1997] ELR 66, QBD
R v Keane (Daniel John) [2010] EWCA Crim 2514; [2011] Crim LR 393, CA
R v Mulgrew (Danny) & Richards (John) [2012] EWCA Crim 2008, CA
R v North Derbyshire Health Authority, Ex p Fisher (1998) 10 Admin LR 27
R v Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions, Ex p Spath Holme Ltd [2001] 2 AC 349; [2001] 2 WLR 15; [2001] 1 All ER 195, HL(E)
R v Wandsworth London Borough Council, Ex parte Beckwith [1996] 1 WLR 60; [1996] 1 All ER 129; 94 LGR 77, HL(E)
R v Williams (Gladstone) [1983] EWCA Crim 4; [1987] 3 All ER 411; (1984) 78 Cr App R 276, CA
Regina (Duggan) v North London Assistant Deputy Coroner [2017] EWCA Civ 142; [2017] 1 WLR 2199; [2017] 4 All ER 104; [2017] WLR (D) 231, CA
Salter v Chief Constable of Dorset [2012] EWCA Civ 1047, CA
Sheffield City Council v Brooke [2018] EWHC 1540 (QB); [2019] QB 48; [2018] 3 WLR 791; [2018] WLR(D) 384, QBD
Solicitors Regulation Authority v Dennison (Anthony Lawrence Clarke) [2011] EWHC 291 (Admin), QBD
Weaver v New South Wales Law Society (1979) 142 CLR 201
X v United Kingdom CE:ECHR:1980:1008DEC000849679; 21 DR 168
Cases cited in: R (Officer W80) v Director General of the Independent Office for Police Conduct [2023] UKSC 24; [2023] 1 WLR 2300; [2023] ICR 1103; [2023] 4 All ER 407; The Times, 7 August 2023, SC(E)
Andronicou v Cyprus (Application No 25052/94) (1997) 25 EHRR 491, ECtHR
Ashley v Chief Constable of Sussex Police [2008] AC 962; [2008] 2 WLR 975; [2008] 3 All ER 573; The Times, 24 April 2008, HL(E)
Beckford v The Queen [1988] AC 130; [1987] 3 WLR 611; [1987] 3 All ER 425; 85 Cr App R 378, PC
Betaudier v Attorney General of Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad and Tobago) [2021] UKPC 7, PC
Da Silva v United Kingdom (2016) 63 EHRR 12, ECtHR (GC)
Logan v Chief Constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland [2017] NICA 70, CA(NI)
Makaratzis v Greece (2004) 41 EHRR 49, ECtHR (GC)
McCann v United Kingdom (Application No 18984/91) (1996) 21 EHRR 97, ECtHR
O’Hara v Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary [1997] AC 286; [1997] 2 WLR 1; [1997] 2 All ER 129; [1997] 1 Cr App R 447, HL(NI)
R (Green) v Police Complaints Authority [2004] UKHL 6; [2004] 1 WLR 725; [2004] 2 All ER 209, HL(E)
R v Keane (Daniel John) [2010] EWCA Crim 2514; [2011] Crim LR 393, CA
R v Morgan (William Anthony) [1976] AC 182; [1975] 2 WLR 913; [1975] 1 All ER 8, CA
R v Williams (Gladstone) [1983] EWCA Crim 4; [1987] 3 All ER 411; (1984) 78 Cr App R 276, CA
Cases citing: R (Officer W80) v Director General of the Independent Office for Police Conduct [2019] EWHC 2215 (Admin), DC
R (R) v National Police Chiefs’ Council [2020] EWCA Civ 1346; [2021] 1 WLR 262; [2021] ICR 425; [2021] 3 All ER 477; [2020] WLR(D) 561, CA
Cases citing: R (Officer W80) v Director General of the Independent Office for Police Conduct [2020] EWCA Civ 1301; [2021] 1 WLR 418; [2020] WLR(D) 556, CA
R (Chief Constable of British Transport Police) v Police Misconduct Panel [2023] EWHC 589 (Admin), KBD
Wilby-Newton v Police Appeals Tribunal [2021] EWHC 550 (Admin), QBD
ZXC v Bloomberg LP [2022] UKSC 5; [2022] AC 1158; [2022] 2 WLR 424; [2022] 3 All ER 1; [2022] 2 Cr App R 2; [2022] WLR(D) 96; The Times, 3 March 2022, SC(E)
UK Human Rights Blog
Use of force by police: what is the standard for determining misconduct?
Case comment
UK Supreme Court Blog
New Judgment: R (on the application of Officer W80) v Director General of the Independent Office for Police Conduct and others [2023] UKSC 24.
Case comment
Law Society Gazette
Supreme Court backs civil law test for police disciplinary proceedings
Case comment
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