Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd v MasterCard Inc

Subject Matter

COMPETITION — Restriction or distortion of competition — Anti-competitive agreement — Credit and debit card companies imposing default multilateral interchange fees passed on to merchants when accepting card payments from cardholders — Whether rules of schemes setting default multilateral interchange fees restrictive of competition — Whether exemption available — FEU Treaty, art 101(1)(3)FEU

[2018] EWCA Civ 1536; [2019] Bus LR 198; [2019] 1 All ER 903; [2019] 1 All ER (Comm) 191; [2018] WLR (D) 447, CA

COMPETITION — Restriction or distortion of competition — Anti-competitive agreement — Credit and debit card companies’ payment schemes allowing cardholders’ banks to charge retailers’ banks fee to settle each transaction made using card — Retailers’ banks passing on fee to retailers — Court of Justice holding scheme operating within European Economic Area restrictive of competition — Retailers bringing action in relation to UK schemes — Whether court bound by Court of Justice’s decision to find UK schemes also restrictive of competition — Whether schemes allowing retailer consumers fair share of benefits and therefore within exemption from prohibition on restrictive agreements — Nature of evidence necessary to establish exemption — Whether receiving fair share of benefits — Whether relevant to take into account benefits accruing to cardholders — Degree of precision required in quantification of pass-on of overcharge by retailers — FEU Treaty, art 101(1)(3)FEU

[2020] UKSC 24; [2020] Bus LR 1196; [2020] 4 All ER 807; [2021] 1 All ER (Comm) 283; [2020] WLR (D) 358, SC(E)

COURT OF APPEAL (CIVIL DIVISION) — Remedy — Remittal to lower court — Defendant claiming exemption from liability for anti-competitive practice — Court of Appeal holding type of evidence adduced by defendant at trial incapable of proving exemption and remitting issue for reconsideration — Whether remittal offending principle of finality in litigation — CPR rr 1.2(b), 50.20(2)

[2020] UKSC 24; [2020] Bus LR 1196; [2020] 4 All ER 807; [2021] 1 All ER (Comm) 283; [2020] WLR (D) 358, SC(E)

Appellate History

Legislation Considered

Statutory Instruments

CPR (Civil Procedure Rules), rr 1.2(b), 50.20(2)

EU Enactments

FEU Treaty, art 101(1)(3)FEU

Cases Considered

Cases considered in: Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd v MasterCard Inc [2020] UKSC 24; [2020] Bus LR 1196; [2020] 4 All ER 807; [2021] 1 All ER (Comm) 283; [2020] WLR (D) 358, SC(E)

Cases considered in: Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd v MasterCard Inc [2018] EWCA Civ 1536; [2019] Bus LR 198; [2019] 1 All ER 903; [2019] 1 All ER (Comm) 191; [2018] WLR (D) 447, CA

Cases Cited

Cases cited in: Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd v MasterCard Inc [2016] CAT 11; [2016] Comp AR 33, CAT

2 Travel Group plc v Cardiff City Transport Services Ltd [2012] CAT 19; [2012] Comp AR 211, CAT

Akzo Nobel NV v Commission of the European Communities (Case C-97/08P); (Case C-97/08 P); EU:C:2009:536; [2009] 5 CMLR 23; [2009] ECR I-8237, ECJ

Akzo Nobel NV v Commission of the European Communities (Case T-112/05); EU:T:2007:381; [2008] 4 CMLR 12, CFI

Bayer v Commission of the European Communities (Case T-41/96); [2001] ICR 735; [2001] All ER (EC) 1, CFI

Bilta (UK) Ltd v Nazir (No 2) [2015] UKSC 23; [2016] AC 1; [2015] 2 WLR 1168; [2015] 2 All ER 1083; [2015] 2 All ER (Comm) 281; [2015] 2 Lloyd's Rep 61; [2015] 1 BCLC 443; [2015] BCC 343; [2015] WLR (D) 182; [2015] BVC 20; Case details, SC(E)

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Brasserie de Haecht SA v Wilkin (Case C-23/67); (Case C-23/67); EU:C:1967:54; [1968] CMLR 26; [1967] ECR 407, ECJ

Bundeswettbewerbsbehörde v Donau Chemie AG (Case C-536/11); EU:C:2013:366; [2013] 5 CMLR 658; [2013] CN 834, ECJ

Burrows v Rhodes [1899] 1 QB 816, DC

Commission of the European Communities v Anic Partecipazioni (Case C-49/92P); (Case C-49/92 P); EU:C:1999:356; [1999] ECR I-4125, ECJ

Cooper Tire & Rubber Co Europe Ltd v Bayer Public Co Ltd [2010] EWCA Civ 864; [2010] Bus LR 1697; [2010] WLR (D) 199, CA

Courage Ltd v Crehan (Case C-453/99); EU:C:2001:465; [2002] QB 507; [2001] 3 WLR 1646; [2002] ICR 457; [2001] All ER (EC) 886, ECJ

Crehan v Inntrepreneur Pub Co (CPC) (Office of Fair Trading intervening) [2006] UKHL 38; [2007] 1 AC 333; [2006] 3 WLR 148; [2006] ICR 1344; [2006] 4 All ER 465; The Times, 20 July 2006, HL

DSG Retail Ltd v Mastercard Inc [2015] EWHC 3673 (Ch), Ch D

Devenish Nutrition Ltd v Sanofi-Aventis SA [2008] EWCA Civ 1086; [2009] Ch 390; [2009] 3 WLR 198; [2009] Bus LR 858; [2009] 3 All ER 27, CA

Devenish Nutrition Ltd v Sanofi-Aventis SA [2007] EWHC 2394 (Ch); [2009] Ch 390; [2008] 2 WLR 637; [2008] Bus LR 600; [2008] 2 All ER 249, Ch D

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Europese Gemeenschap v Otis NV (Case C-199/11); EU:C:2012:684; [2012] CN 42, ECJ

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Groupement des cartes bancaires (CB) v European Commission (Case C-67/13 P); EU:C:2014:2204, ECJ

Holman v Johnson 98 ER 1120; (1775) 1 Cowp 341, KBD

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Hydrotherm Gerätebau GmbH v Compact del Dott Ing Mario Andreoli & C sas (Case C-170/83); (Case C-170/83); EU:C:1984:271; [1984] ECR 2999, ECJ

Höfner v Macrotron GmbH (Case C-41/90); EU:C:1991:161; [1991] ECR I-1979, ECJ

JSC BTA Bank v Ablyazov (the Granton claim) [2013] EWHC 867 (Comm); [2013] CN 601, QBD

KME Yorkshire Ltd & Ors v Toshiba Carrier UK Ltd & Ors [2012] EWCA Civ 1190, CA

Kone AG v ÖBB-Infrastruktur AG (Case C-557/12); EU:C:2014:917; EU:C:2014:1317; [2015] CMLR 5; [2014] CN 1025, ECJ

Lady & Kid A/S v Skatteministeriet (Case C-398/09); EU:C:2011:540; [2012] All ER (EC) 410; [2012] STC 854, ECJ

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Livingstone v Rawyards Coal Co 5 App Cas 25, HL(Sc)

MasterCard Inc v European Commission (Banco Santander SA intervening) (Case C-382/12 P); EU:C:2014:2201; [2014] 5 CMLR 23; [2014] CN 1572, ECJ

MasterCard Inc v European Commission (Banco Santander SA intervening) (Case T-111/08); EU:T:2012:260, EGC

MasterCard UK Members Forum Limited; MasterCard International Incorporated and MasterCard Europe Sprl; and Royal Bank of Scotland Group v Office of Fair Trading [2006] CAT 14, CAT

Maxim Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Co v Nordenfelt (No 1) [1893] 1 Ch 630, CA

Moy Park Ltd v Sanofi-Aventis SA [2007] EWHC 2394 (Ch), Ch D

Palaniappa Chettiar v Arunasalam Chettiar [1962] AC 294; [1962] 2 WLR 548; [1962] 1 All ER 494, PC

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Royal Brunei Airlines Sdn Bhd v Tan [1995] 2 AC 378; [1995] 3 WLR 64; [1995] 3 All ER 97, PC

Safeway Stores Ltd v Twigger [2010] EWCA Civ 1472; [2011] Bus LR 1629; [2011] 1 Lloyd's Rep 462; [2011] 2 All ER 841, CA

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Sainsbury v Mastercard [2015] EWHC 3472 (Ch), Ch D

Sempra Metals Ltd (formerly Metallgesellschaft Ltd) v Inland Revenue Comrs [2007] UKHL 34; [2008] AC 561; [2007] 3 WLR 354; [2008] Bus LR 49; [2007] 4 All ER 657; [2007] STC 1559, HL(E)

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Stone & Rolls Ltd v Moore Stephens [2008] EWCA Civ 644; [2009] AC 1391; [2008] 3 WLR 1146; [2008] Bus LR 1579; [2008] 2 Lloyd's Rep 319, CA

The Dow Chemical Co v Commission of the European Union (Case C-179/12P); (Case C-179/12 P); EU:C:2013:605; [2014] Bus LR 119; [2013] WLR (D) 363, ECJ

Tinsley v Milligan [1994] 1 AC 340; [1993] 3 WLR 126; [1993] 3 All ER 65, HL(E)

Tinsley v Milligan [1992] Ch 310; [1992] 2 WLR 508; [1992] 2 All ER 391; (1992) 63 P & CR 152; The Times, 22 August 1991, CA

Vita Food Products Inc v Unus Shipping Co Ltd [1939] AC 277; [1939] 1 All ER 513; 55 TLR 402; 63 LlLRep 21, PC

WH Newson Holding Ltd v IMI plc [2013] EWCA Civ 1377; [2014] Bus LR 156; [2014] 1 All ER 1132; [2013] WLR (D) 432, CA

Weber’s Wine World Handels-GmbH v Abgabenberufungskommission Wien (Case C-147/01); EU:C:2003:533; [2005] All ER (EC) 224, ECJ

Cases cited in: Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd v MasterCard Inc [2018] EWCA Civ 1536; [2019] Bus LR 198; [2019] 1 All ER 903; [2019] 1 All ER (Comm) 191; [2018] WLR (D) 447, CA

ACF Chemiefarma NV v Commission of the European Communities (Case 41/69) EU:C:1970:71; [1970] ECR 661, ECJ

Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Stato v SpA San Giorgio (Case C-199/82); EU:C:1983:318; [1983] ECR 3595, ECJ

Argos Ltd v Office of Fair Trading [2006] EWCA Civ 1318, CA

Asnef-Equifax, Servicios de Información sobre Solvencia y Crédito, SL v Asociación de Usuarios de Servicios Bancarios (Ausbanc) (Case C-238/05) EU:C:2006:734; [2006] ECR I-11125, ECJ

Bacciottini v Gotelee and Goldsmith [2014] EWHC 3527 (Ch); [2015] PNLR 268, Ch D

Blayney t/a Aardvark Jewellery v Clogau St David’s Gold Mines Ltd [2002] EWCA Civ 1007, CA

Bolloré v Commission of the European Communities (Joined cases T-109/02, T-118/02, T-122/02, T-125/02, T-126/02, T-128/02, T-129/02, T-132/02 and T-136/02) EU:T:2007:115; [2007] ECR II-947, CFI

Bookmakers’ Afternoon Greyhound Services Ltd v Amalgamated Racing Ltd [2009] EWCA Civ 750; [2009] WLR (D) 263; [2009] LLR 584; [2009] UKCLR 863, CA

British Airways plc v Commission of the European Communities (Case C-95/04P); (Case C-95/04 P); EU:C:2007:166; [2007] 4 CMLR 982; [2007] ECR I-2331, ECJ

British Sky Broadcasting Group plc v Competition Commission [2010] EWCA Civ 2; [2010] 2 All ER 907; [2010] WLR (D) 5, CA

British Transport Commission v Gourley [1956] AC 185; [1956] 2 WLR 41; [1955] 3 All ER 796; [1955] 2 Lloyd's Rep 475, HL(E)

British Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co Ltd v Underground Electric Railways Co of London Ltd [1912] AC 673; [1911-13] All ER Rep 63, HL(E)

Clayworth v Pfizer Inc (2010) 233 p 3d 1066; 49 Cal 4th 758, Supreme Ct of California

Comateb (Société) v Directeur Général des Douanes et Droits Indirects (Joined Cases C-192/95 to C-218/95) EU:C:1997:12; [1997] STC 1006; [1997] ECR I-165, ECJ

Competition Authority v Beef Industry Development Society Ltd (Case C-209/07); EU:C:2008:643; [2009] All ER (EC) 367; [2008] ECR I-8637, ECJ

Courage Ltd v Crehan (Case C-453/99); EU:C:2001:465; [2002] QB 507; [2001] 3 WLR 1646; [2002] ICR 457; [2001] All ER (EC) 886, ECJ

Crehan v Inntrepreneur Pub Co (CPC) (Office of Fair Trading intervening) [2006] UKHL 38; [2007] 1 AC 333; [2006] 3 WLR 148; [2006] ICR 1344; [2006] 4 All ER 465; The Times, 20 July 2006, HL

Delimitis v Henninger Bräu AG (Case C-234/89); EU:C:1991:91; [1991] ECR I-935; The Times, 18 March 1991, ECJ

Devenish Nutrition Ltd v Sanofi-Aventis SA [2008] EWCA Civ 1086; [2009] Ch 390; [2009] 3 WLR 198; [2009] Bus LR 858; [2009] 3 All ER 27, CA

Eckersley v Binnie (1988) 18 Con LR 1, CA

Emerald Supplies Ltd v British Airways plc [2009] EWHC 741 (Ch); [2010] Ch 48; [2009] 3 WLR 1200, Ch D

Etablissements Consten SARL v Commission of the European Community (Case C-56/64); (Joined cases 56 and 58-64); EU:C:1966:41; [1966] ECR 299, ECJ

Eturas UAB v Lietuvos Respublikos konkurencijos taryba (Case C-74/14); EU:C:2016:42; [2016] 4 CMLR 19; (CASE C-74/14), ECJ

European Commission v Alrosa Co Ltd (Case C-441/07P); [2011] Bus LR D74; [2011] All ER (EC) 1, ECJ

FAGE UK Ltd v Chobani UK Ltd [2014] EWCA Civ 5; [2014] FSR 29; [2014] ETMR 26; [2014] CN 90; [2014] CTLC 49, CA

Flannery v Halifax Estate Agencies Ltd (trading as Colleys Professional Services) [2000] 1 WLR 377; [2000] 1 All ER 373, CA

Fulton Shipping Inc of Panama v Globalia Business Travel SAU (formerly Travelplan SAU) of Spain (The New Flamenco) [2017] UKSC 43; [2017] 1 WLR 2581; [2018] 1 All ER 45; [2018] 1 All ER (Comm) 95; [2017] 2 Lloyd's Rep 177; [2017] WLR (D) 440; Case details, SC(E)

GlaxoSmithKline Services Unlimited v Commission of the European Communities (Joined Cases C-501/06P, C-513/06P, C-515/06P and C-519/06P); (Joined cases C-501/06 P, C-513/06 P, C-515/06 P and C-519/06 P); EU:C:2009:610; [2010] Bus LR D87; [2009] ECR I-9291, ECJ

GlaxoSmithKline Services Unlimited v Commission of the European Communities (Case T-168/01) EU:T:2006:265; [2006] ECR II-2969; [2006] 5 CMLR 29, CFI

Groupement des cartes bancaires (CB) v European Commission (Case T-491/07) EU:T:2016:379, EGC

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Hodgson v Trapp [1989] AC 807; [1988] 3 WLR 1281; [1988] 3 All ER 870, HL(E)

Illinois Brick Co v Illinois (1977) 431 US 720

In re B (Children) (Care Proceedings: Standard of Proof) (CAFCASS intervening) [2008] UKHL 35; [2009] AC 11; [2008] 3 WLR 1; [2008] 4 All ER 1; [2008] 2 FLR 141, HL(E)

In re H (Minors) (Sexual Abuse: Standard of Proof) [1996] AC 563; [1996] 2 WLR 8; [1996] 1 All ER 1; [1996] 1 FLR 80, HL(E)

John Deere Ltd v Commission of the European Communities (Case C-7/95P) [1998] All ER (EC) 481 (Note); [1998] ECR I-3111, ECJ

Koch Marine Inc v D’Amica Societa di Navigazione ARL (The Elena D’Amico) [1980] 1 Lloyd's Rep 75, QBD

Krupp Thyssen Stainless GmbH v Commission of the European Communities (Joined Cases T-45/98 and T-47/98) EU:T:2001:288; [2001] ECR II-3757, CFI

Lady & Kid A/S v Skatteministeriet (Case C-398/09); EU:C:2011:540; [2012] All ER (EC) 410; [2012] STC 854, ECJ

Main v Giambrone & Law (A Firm) [2017] EWCA Civ 1193, CA

Manfredi v Lloyd Adriatico Assicurazioni SpA (Case C-298/04); (Case C-297/04); (Case C-296/04); (Joined cases C-295/04 to C-298/04); EU:C:2006:461; [2007] Bus LR 188; [2007] All ER (EC) 27; [2007] RTR 66, ECJ

MasterCard Inc v European Commission (Banco Santander SA intervening) (Case C-382/12 P); EU:C:2014:2201; [2014] 5 CMLR 23; [2014] CN 1572, ECJ

Merricks v Mastercard Inc [2017] CAT 16; [2018] Comp AR 1, CAT

Metropole Television (M6) v European Commission (Case T-112/99); [2002] All ER (EC) 1, CFI

Ministre du Budget des Comptes publics et de la Fonction publique v Accor (Case C-310/09); EU:C:2011:581; [2012] STC 438, ECJ

National Grid plc v Gas and Electricity Markets Authority [2010] EWCA Civ 114; [2010] UKCLR 386, CA

O2 (Germany) GmbH & Co OHG v Commission of the European Communities (Case T-328/03) EU:T:2006:116; [2006] ECR II-1231, CFI

Pro-Sys Consultants Ltd v Microsoft Corpn [2013] SCC 57; [2013] 3 SCR 477, SC Canada

R (N) v Mental Health Review Tribunal (Northern Region) [2005] EWCA Civ 1605; [2006] QB 468; [2006] 2 WLR 850; [2006] 4 All ER 194, CA

RSM (Eritrea) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2018] EWCA Civ 18; [2018] 1 WLR 5489; [2018] WLR (D) 23, CA

Raiffeisen Zentralbank Österreich v Commission of the European Communities (Joined Cases T-259/02 to T-264/02 and T-271/02) EU:T:2006:396; [2006] ECR II-5169, CFI

Remia BV v Commission of the European Communities (Case 42/84) EU:C:1985:327; [1985] ECR 2545; [1987] CMLR 1, ECJ

SPE International Ltd v Professional Preparation Contractors (UK) Ltd [2002] EWHC 881 (Ch)

Secretary of State for the Home Department v Rehman [2001] UKHL 47; [2003] 1 AC 153; [2001] 3 WLR 877; [2002] 1 All ER 122, HL(E)

Sempra Metals Ltd (formerly Metallgesellschaft Ltd) v Inland Revenue Comrs [2007] UKHL 34; [2008] AC 561; [2007] 3 WLR 354; [2008] Bus LR 49; [2007] 4 All ER 657; [2007] STC 1559, HL(E)

Subesh (2) Suthan (3) Nagulananthan (4) Vanniyasingam v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2004] EWCA Civ 56, CA

United Shoe Machinery Corpn v Hanover Shoe Inc (1968) 392 US 481

Watson Laidlaw & Co v Pott Cassells v Williamson (1914) SC (HL) 18; 31 RPC 104, HL(Sc)

Weber’s Wine World Handels-GmbH v Abgabenberufungskommission Wien (Case C-147/01); EU:C:2003:533; [2005] All ER (EC) 224, ECJ

Cases cited in: Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd v MasterCard Inc [2020] UKSC 24; [2020] Bus LR 1196; [2020] 4 All ER 807; [2021] 1 All ER (Comm) 283; [2020] WLR (D) 358, SC(E)

Air Canada v Secretary of State for Trade [1983] 2 AC 394; [1983] 2 WLR 494; [1983] 1 All ER 910, HL(E)

Al-Medenni v Mars UK Ltd [2005] EWCA Civ 1041, CA

Allsports Limited v Office of Fair Trading [2004] CAT 17, CAT

Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Stato v SpA San Giorgio (Case C-199/82); EU:C:1983:318; [1983] ECR 3595, ECJ

Asnef-Equifax, Servicios de Información sobre Solvencia y Crédito, SL v Asociación de Usuarios de Servicios Bancarios (Ausbanc). (Case C-238/05); EU:C:2006:734, ECJ

BPP Holdings Ltd v Revenue and Customs Comrs [2017] UKSC 55; [2017] 1 WLR 2945; [2017] 4 All ER 756; [2017] STC 1655; [2017] WLR (D) 551; Case details, SC(E)

Barrow v Bankside Members Agency Ltd [1996] 1 WLR 257; [1996] 1 All ER 981; [1996] 1 Lloyd's Rep 278, CA

British Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co Ltd v Underground Electric Railways Co of London Ltd [1912] AC 673; [1911-13] All ER Rep 63, HL(E)

Bundeswettbewerbsbehörde v Schenker & Co AG (Case C-681/11); EU:C:2013:404; [2013] Bus LR 1176; [2013] WLR (D) 245, ECJ

Coles v Hetherton [2013] EWCA Civ 1704; [2015] 1 WLR 160; [2014] 2 All ER (Comm) 223; [2014] 3 All ER 377; [2015] RTR 57; [2013] WLR (D) 508; [2014] Lloyd’s Rep IR 367, CA

Compagnie Générale Maritime v Commission of the European Communities (Case T-86/95) EU:T:2002:50; [2002] ECR II-1011, CFI

Courage Ltd v Crehan (Case C-453/99); EU:C:2001:465; [2002] QB 507; [2001] 3 WLR 1646; [2002] ICR 457; [2001] All ER (EC) 886, ECJ

Crehan v Inntrepreneur Pub Co (CPC) (Office of Fair Trading intervening) [2006] UKHL 38; [2007] 1 AC 333; [2006] 3 WLR 148; [2006] ICR 1344; [2006] 4 All ER 465; The Times, 20 July 2006, HL

Devenish Nutrition Ltd v Sanofi-Aventis SA [2008] EWCA Civ 1086; [2009] Ch 390; [2009] 3 WLR 198; [2009] Bus LR 858; [2009] 3 All ER 27, CA

Emerald Supplies Ltd v British Airways plc [2009] EWHC 741 (Ch); [2010] Ch 48; [2009] 3 WLR 1200, Ch D

Etablissements Consten SARL v Commission of the European Community (Case C-56/64); (Joined cases 56 and 58-64); EU:C:1966:41; [1966] ECR 299, ECJ

Eturas UAB v Lietuvos Respublikos konkurencijos taryba (Case C-74/14); EU:C:2016:42; [2016] 4 CMLR 19; (CASE C-74/14), ECJ

Expedia Inc v Autorité de la concurrence (Case C-226/11); EU:C:2012:795; [2013] Bus LR 705; [2013] All ER (EC) 1209; [2012] WLR (D) 380, ECJ

Fulton Shipping Inc of Panama v Globalia Business Travel SAU (formerly Travelplan SAU) of Spain (The New Flamenco) [2017] UKSC 43; [2017] 1 WLR 2581; [2018] 1 All ER 45; [2018] 1 All ER (Comm) 95; [2017] 2 Lloyd's Rep 177; [2017] WLR (D) 440; Case details, SC(E)

Garnac Grain Co Inc v H M F Faure & Fairclough Ltd [1968] AC 1130; [1967] 3 WLR 143; [1967] 2 All ER 353; [1967] 1 Lloyd's Rep 495, HL(E)

Gazdasági Versenyhivatal v Budapest Bank Nyrt (Case C-228/18); EU:C:2020:265; [2021] 1 All ER (Comm) 1011, ECJ

GlaxoSmithKline Services Unlimited v Commission of the European Communities (Case T-168/01); EU:T:2006:265; [2006] ECR II-2969, CFI

Global Torch Ltd v Apex Global Management Ltd (No 2) [2014] UKSC 64; [2014] 1 WLR 4495; [2015] 2 All ER 206; [2015] 1 All ER (Comm) 1183; The Times, 8 December 2015; [2014] WLR (D) 515; Case details, SC(E)

Golden Strait Corpn v Nippon Yusen Kubishika Kaisha (The Golden Victory) [2007] UKHL 12; [2007] 2 AC 353; [2007] 2 WLR 691; [2007] Bus LR 997; [2007] 3 All ER 1; [2007] 2 All ER (Comm) 97; [2007] 2 Lloyd's Rep 164, HL(E)

Groupement des cartes bancaires (CB) v European Commission (BNP Paribas intervening) (Case T-491/07); EU:T:2016:379, EGC

Hanover Shoe Inc v United Shoe Machinery Corpn (1968) 392 US 481

Hans Just I/S v Danish Ministry for Fiscal Affairs. (Case C-68/79); EU:C:1980:57, ECJ

Henderson v Henderson 67 ER 313; (1843) 3 Hare 100, Ct of Chancery

Hodgson v Trapp [1989] AC 807; [1988] 3 WLR 1281; [1988] 3 All ER 870, HL(E)

In re B (Children) (Care Proceedings: Standard of Proof) (CAFCASS intervening) [2008] UKHL 35; [2009] AC 11; [2008] 3 WLR 1; [2008] 4 All ER 1; [2008] 2 FLR 141, HL(E)

Johnson v Gore Wood & Co [2002] 2 AC 1; [2001] 2 WLR 72; [2001] 1 All ER 481; [2001] 1 BCLC 313, HL(E)

Krka Tovarna Zdravil d d v European Commission (Case T-684/14) EU:T:2018:918; [2019] 4 CMLR 14, ECJ

Krupp Thyssen Stainless GmbH v Commission of the European Communities (Joined Cases T-45/98 and T-47/98) EU:T:2001:288; [2001] ECR II-3757, CFI

Lady & Kid A/S v Skatteministeriet (Case C-398/09); EU:C:2011:540; [2012] All ER (EC) 410; [2012] STC 854, ECJ

Livingstone v Rawyards Coal Co 5 App Cas 25, HL(Sc)

London Corpn, The [1935] P 70, CA

MasterCard Inc v European Commission (Banco Santander SA intervening) (Case T-111/08); EU:T:2012:260, EGC

O2 (Germany) GmbH & Co OHG v Commission of the European Communities (Case T-328/03) EU:T:2006:116; [2006] ECR II-1231, CFI

OMV Petrom SA v Glencore International AG [2016] EWCA Civ 778; [2017] 3 All ER 157; [2017] 2 All ER (Comm) 409; [2016] 2 Lloyd's Rep 432, CA

One Step (Support) Ltd v Morris-Garner [2018] UKSC 20; [2019] AC 649; [2018] 2 WLR 1353; [2018] 3 All ER 659; [2018] 2 All ER (Comm) 769; [2018] 1 Lloyd's Rep 495; [2018] WLR (D) 260; Case details, SC(E)

Passmore v Morland Plc [1999] ICR 913; [1999] 3 All ER 1005; [1999] 1 CMLR 1129; [1999] 1 EGLR 51; The Times, 11 February 1999, CA

Salzgitter Mannesmann GmbH v Commission of the European Communities. (Case C-411/04 P); EU:C:2007:54, ECJ

Shaw v Commission of the European Communities (Case T-131/99); [2002] All ER (EC) 501, CFI

Société Comateb v Directeu général des douanes et droits indirects (Joined Cases C-192-218/95); (Joined cases C-192/95 to C-218/95); EU:C:1997:12; [1997] STC 1006; [1997] ECR I-165, ECJ

Tartsinis v Navona Management Co [2015] EWHC 57 (Comm), QBD

Thai Airways International Public Co Ltd v KI Holdings Co Ltd [2015] EWHC 1250 (Comm); [2016] 1 All ER (Comm) 675; [2015] CN 781, QBD

The World Beauty [1970] P 144; [1969] 3 WLR 110; [1969] 3 All ER 158; [1969] 1 Lloyd's Rep 350, CA

Virgin Atlantic Airways Ltd v Zodiac Seats UK Ltd (formerly Contour Aerospace Ltd) [2013] UKSC 46; [2014] AC 160; [2013] 3 WLR 299; [2013] 4 All ER 715; [2013] WLR (D) 265; Case details, SC(E)

WH Newson Holding Ltd v IMI plc [2013] EWCA Civ 1377; [2014] Bus LR 156; [2014] 1 All ER 1132; [2013] WLR (D) 432, CA

Watson Laidlaw & Co Ltd v Pott, Cassels & Williamson 1914 SC (HL) 18; 31 RPC 104, HL(Sc)

Weber’s Wine World Handels-GmbH v Abgabenberufungskommission Wien (Case C-147/01); EU:C:2003:533; [2005] All ER (EC) 224, ECJ

Subsequent Consideration

Cases subsequently considering: Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd v MasterCard Inc [2020] UKSC 24; [2020] Bus LR 1196; [2020] 4 All ER 807; [2021] 1 All ER (Comm) 283; [2020] WLR (D) 358, SC(E)

Cases subsequently considering: Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd v MasterCard Inc [2016] CAT 11; [2016] Comp AR 33, CAT

Cases citing

Cases citing: Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd v MasterCard Inc [2016] CAT 11; [2016] Comp AR 33, CAT

Achilles Information Ltd v Network Rail Infrastructure Ltd [2019] CAT 20, CAT

Agents' Mutual Ltd v Gascoigne Halman Ltd (t/a Gascoigne Halman) [2017] CAT 15, CAT

Allergan plc v Competition and Markets Authority [2024] CAT 17, CAT

Asda Stores Ltd v Mastercard Inc [2017] EWHC 93 (Comm); [2017] 4 CMLR 32, QBD

Asda Stores Ltd v Mastercard Inc [2021] CAT 16, CAT

Assetco plc v Grant Thornton UK LLP [2019] EWHC 150 (Comm); [2019] Bus LR 2291; [2019] WLR(D) 58, QBD

BGL (Holdings) Ltd v Competition and Markets Authority [2022] CAT 36, CAT

Bayerische Motoren Werke AG v Competition and Markets Authority [2023] CAT 7; [2023] Bus LR 754; [2023] WLR(D) 122, CAT

BritNed Development Ltd v ABB AB [2018] EWHC 2616 (Ch); [2019] Bus LR 718; [2018] WLR(D) 514, Ch D

Churchill Gowns Ltd v Ede & Ravenscroft Ltd [2022] CAT 34, CAT

Deutsche Bahn Ag v Mastercard Inc [2018] EWHC 412 (Ch), Ch D

Dune Group Ltd v Visa Europe Ltd [2022] EWCA Civ 1278, CA

Dune Group Ltd v Visa Europe Ltd [2021] CAT 35, CAT

Dune Shoes Ireland Ltd v Visa Europe Ltd [2020] CAT 26, CAT

Durham Co Ltd (trading as Max Recycle) v Durham County Council [2023] CAT 50; [2023] PTSR 2128; [2023] WLR(D) 355, CAT

Gascoigne Halman Ltd v Agents’ Mutual Ltd [2019] EWCA Civ 24, CA

Iiyama (UK) Ld ) v Samsung Electronics Co Ltd [2016] EWHC 1980 (Ch), Ch D

Iiyama (UK) Ltd v Samsung Electronics Co Ltd [2018] EWCA Civ 220; [2018] 4 CMLR 1508, CA

Mark McLaren Class Representative Ltd v MOL (Europe Africa) Ltd [2023] CAT 25, CAT

Media-Saturn Holding GBH v Toshiba Information Systems (UK) Ltd [2019] EWHC 1095 (Ch), Ch D

Merricks v Mastercard Inc [2017] CAT 16; [2018] Comp AR 1, CAT

Merricks v Mastercard Inc [2022] CAT 31, CAT

Merricks v Mastercard Inc [2017] CAT 27, CAT

Microsoft Mobile OY (Ltd) v Sony Europe Ltd [2017] EWHC 374 (Ch); [2018] 1 All ER (Comm) 419; [2017] 2 Lloyd's Rep 119; [2017] 5 CMLR 5, Ch D

NTN Corpn v Stellantis NV [2022] EWCA Civ 16; [2022] 2 All ER (Comm) 706, CA

New Media Distribution Co SEZC Ltd v Kagalovsky [2018] EWHC 2876 (Ch), Ch D

Royal Mail Group Ltd v DAF Trucks Ltd [2023] CAT 6, CAT

Royal Mail Group Ltd v DAF Trucks Ltd [2021] CAT 10, CAT

Sainsbury's Supermarkets Ltd v Visa Europe Services llc [2017] EWHC 3047 (Comm); [2018] 2 All ER 611; [2018] 2 All ER (Comm) 123, QBD

Sainsburys Supermarkets Ltd v Visa Europe Services LLC [2021] CAT 17, CAT

Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd v MasterCard Incorporated and Others [2016] CAT 26, CAT

Socrates Training Limited v The Law Society of England and Wales [2017] CAT 10, CAT

Umbrella Interchange Fee Claimants v Umbrella Interchange Fee Defendants [2023] CAT 60, CAT

Unwired Planet International Ltd v Huawei Technologies Co Ltd (Telefonaktiebolaget Ericsson, eleventh party) (No 2) [2017] EWHC 3083 (Pat); [2018] Bus LR 896; [2017] WLR(D) 802, QBD

Cases citing: Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd v MasterCard Inc [2018] EWCA Civ 1536; [2019] Bus LR 198; [2019] 1 All ER 903; [2019] 1 All ER (Comm) 191; [2018] WLR (D) 447, CA

Asda Stores Ltd v Mastercard Inc [2021] CAT 16, CAT

BritNed Development Ltd v ABB AB [2019] EWCA Civ 1840; [2020] Bus LR 1073; [2019] WLR(D) 610, CA

British Telecommunications plc v Office of Communications (Ofcom) [2018] EWCA Civ 2542; [2019] Bus LR 592; [2018] WLR(D) 701, CA

Churchill Gowns Ltd v Ede & Ravenscroft Ltd [2022] CAT 34, CAT

Dr Reddy’s Laboratories (UK) Ltd v Warner-Lambert Co LLC [2021] EWHC 2182 (Ch); [2021] Bus LR 1496; [2021] WLR(D) 463, Ch D

Dune Group Ltd v Mastercard Inc [2022] CAT 14, CAT

Dune Group Ltd v Visa Europe Ltd [2022] EWCA Civ 1278, CA

Dune Group Ltd v Visa Europe Ltd [2021] CAT 35, CAT

Dune Shoes Ireland Ltd v Visa Europe Ltd [2020] CAT 26, CAT

Gascoigne Halman Ltd v Agents’ Mutual Ltd [2019] EWCA Civ 24, CA

Mark McLaren Class Representative Ltd v MOL (Europe Africa) Ltd [2023] CAT 25, CAT

Mark McLaren Class Representative Ltd v MOL (Europe Africa) Ltd [2022] EWCA Civ 1701; [2023] Bus LR 318; [2023] WLR(D) 3, CA

Merricks v Mastercard Inc [2019] EWCA Civ 674; [2019] Bus LR 3025; [2019] WLR(D) 239, CA

Merricks v Mastercard Inc [2022] CAT 31, CAT

NTN Corpn v Stellantis NV [2022] EWCA Civ 16; [2022] 2 All ER (Comm) 706, CA

Office Depot International BV v Holdham SA [2019] EWHC 2115 (Ch); [2019] 4 WLR 120; [2020] 1 All ER (Comm) 772; [2019] WLR (D) 417, Ch D

Ping Europe Ltd v Competition and Markets Authority [2018] CAT 13, CAT

Road Haulage Association Ltd v Man SE [2023] CAT 15, CAT

Royal Mail Group Limited v DAF Trucks Limited and Others [2018] CAT 19, CAT

Royal Mail Group Ltd v DAF Trucks Ltd [2023] CAT 6, CAT

Royal Mail Group Ltd v DAF Trucks Ltd [2021] CAT 10, CAT

Sainsburys Supermarkets Ltd v Visa Europe Services LLC [2021] CAT 17, CAT

Sportradar AG v Football Dataco Ltd (Practice Note) [2020] CAT 25; [2021] Bus LR 294; [2020] WLR(D) 669, CAT

Visa Inc v Commercial and Interregional Card Claims I Ltd [2023] CAT 38; [2023] Bus LR 1218; [2023] WLR(D) 283, CAT

Vodafone Ltd v Office of Communications [2020] EWCA Civ 183; [2020] QB 857; [2020] 2 WLR 1108; [2020] 4 All ER 415; [2020] WLR (D) 105, CA

Vodafone Ltd v Office of Communications [2019] EWHC 1234 (Comm); [2020] QB 200; [2019] 3 WLR 549; [2019] WLR(D) 298, QBD

Westover Group Ltd v Mastercard Inc [2021] CAT 12, CAT

Cases citing: Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd v MasterCard Inc [2020] UKSC 24; [2020] Bus LR 1196; [2020] 4 All ER 807; [2021] 1 All ER (Comm) 283; [2020] WLR (D) 358, SC(E)

ACL Netherlands BV v Lynch [2023] EWHC 1847 (Ch), Ch D

AIC Ltd v Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria [2022] UKSC 16; [2022] 1 WLR 3223; [2022] 4 All ER 777; [2023] 1 All ER (Comm) 1; The Times, 20 June 2022, SC(E)

Achilles Information Ltd v Network Rail Infrastructure Ltd [2022] CAT 9, CAT

Ali v Dinc [2022] EWCA Civ 34, CA

Allergan plc v Competition and Markets Authority [2024] CAT 17, CAT

Allianz Global Investors GmbH v Barclays Bank plc [2022] EWCA Civ 353; [2023] 1 All ER (Comm) 20, CA

Allianz Global Investors GmbH v Barclays Bank plc [2021] EWHC 399 (Comm); [2021] 4 CMLR 18, QBD

Arani v Cordic Group Ltd [2021] EWHC 829 (Comm), QBD

Asda Stores Ltd v Mastercard Inc [2021] CAT 16, CAT

Canary Riverside Estate Management Ltd v Coates (Circus Apartments Ltd Intervening) [2021] EWHC 1505 (Ch), Ch D

Clements-Siddall v Dunbobbin Hotels Ltd [2023] EWCA Civ 1300, CA

Dana UK Axle Ltd v Freudenberg Fst GmbH [2021] EWHC 1751 (TCC), QBD

Doorstep Dispensaree Ltd v Information Comr [2023] UKUT 132 (AAC); [2024] 1 WLR 575; [2023] WLR(D) 426, UT

Dune Group Ltd v Mastercard Inc [2022] CAT 14, CAT

Dune Group Ltd v Visa Europe Ltd [2022] EWCA Civ 1278, CA

Dune Group Ltd v Visa Europe Ltd [2021] CAT 35, CAT

Dune Shoes Ireland Ltd v Visa Europe Ltd [2020] CAT 26, CAT

ED&F Man Capital Markets Ltd v Come Harvest Holdings Ltd [2022] EWCA Civ 1704, CA

ED&F Man Capital Markets Ltd v Come Harvest Holdings Ltd [2022] EWHC 229 (Comm), QBD

Fearn v Board of Trustees of the Tate Gallery [2023] UKSC 4; [2024] AC 1; [2023] 2 WLR 339; [2023] 2 All ER 1; [2023] WLR(D) 53; The Times, 6 February 2023, SC(E)

Granville Technology Group Ltd v Chunghwa Picture Tubes Ltd [2024] EWHC 13 (Comm), KBD

Granville Technology Group Ltd v LG Display Co Ltd [2023] EWCA Civ 980; [2024] KB 179; [2024] 2 WLR 372; [2023] WLR(D) 361, CA

Gray v Smith [2022] EWHC 1153 (Ch), Ch D

Ideal Shopping Direct Ltd v Mastercard Inc [2020] EWHC 3399 (Ch), Ch D

Ideal Shopping Direct Ltd v Mastercard Inc [2022] EWCA Civ 14; [2022] 1 WLR 1541; [2022] 4 All ER 118; [2022] WLR(D) 40, CA

In re Merchant Interchange Fee Umbrella Proceedings [2022] CAT 50, CAT

Jones v McCarthy [2023] EWCA Civ 589, CA

London & South Eastern Railway Ltd v Gutmann [2022] EWCA Civ 1077, CA

London & South Eastern Railway Ltd v Gutmann [2021] CAT 31, CAT

Mark McLaren Class Representative Ltd v MOL (Europe Africa) Ltd [2022] CAT 10, CAT

Mark McLaren Class Representative Ltd v Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha [2023] EWCA Civ 1471; [2024] Bus LR 490; [2024] WLR(D) 1, CA

Mathieu v Aviva plc [2022] EWHC 924 (QB), QBD

Merricks v Mastercard Inc [2023] CAT 33, CAT

Merricks v Mastercard Inc [2020] UKSC 51; [2021] Bus LR 25; [2021] 3 All ER 285; [2021] 2 All ER (Comm) 669, SC(E)

Merricks v Mastercard Inc [2022] CAT 43, CAT

Merricks v Mastercard Inc [2022] CAT 31, CAT

Michael O’Higgins FX Class Representative Ltd v Barclays Bank plc [2023] EWCA Civ 876; [2024] Bus LR 366; [2024] 1 All ER (Comm) 573; [2023] WLR(D) 492, CA

Michael O’Higgins FX Class Representative Ltd v Barclays Bank plc [2022] CAT 16; [2022] Bus LR 1334; [2022] WLR(D) 161, CAT

NTN Corpn v Stellantis NV [2021] CAT 14, CAT

NTN Corpn v Stellantis NV [2022] EWCA Civ 16; [2022] 2 All ER (Comm) 706, CA

Peregrine Aviation Bravo Ltd v Laudamotion GmbH [2023] EWHC 48 (Comm), Ch D

Point West GR Ltd v Bassi (Practice Note) [2020] EWCA Civ 795; [2020] 1 WLR 4102; [2020] WLR(D) 369, CA

Primeo Fund v Bank of Bermuda (Cayman) Ltd [2023] UKPC 40; [2023] 3 WLR 1007, PC

QX v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2022] EWCA Civ 1541; [2023] KB 472; [2023] 2 WLR 1103; [2022] WLR(D) 465, CA

R (NoteMachine UK Ltd) v Payment Systems Regulator [2023] EWHC 2522 (Admin); [2024] 1 WLR 1591; [2023] WLR(D) 462, KBD

Recovery Partners GP Ltd v Rukhadze [2023] EWCA Civ 305; [2023] Bus LR 646; [2023] WLR(D) 147, CA

Road Haulage Association Ltd v Man SE [2023] CAT 15, CAT

Royal Mail Group Ltd v DAF Trucks Ltd [2023] CAT 6, CAT

Royal Mail Group Ltd v DAF Trucks Ltd [2021] CAT 10, CAT

Sainsburys Supermarkets Ltd v Visa Europe Services LLC [2021] CAT 17, CAT

Secretary of State for Health v Servier Laboratories Ltd [2022] EWHC 369 (Ch), Ch D

UK Trucks Claim Ltd v Stellantis NV [2022] CAT 25, CAT

UK Trucks Claim Ltd v Stellantis NV [2023] EWCA Civ 875; [2024] 1 All ER (Comm) 543, CA

Umbrella Interchange Fee Claimants v Umbrella Interchange Fee Defendants [2023] CAT 60, CAT

Viegas v Cutrale [2021] EWHC 2956 (Comm), QBD

Westminster City Council v First Tier Tribunal (HESC) [2023] UKUT 177 (AAC), UT

Westover Group Ltd v Mastercard Inc [2021] CAT 12, CAT

Commentary

UK Supreme Court Blog
New Judgment: Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd v Visa Europe Services LLC & Ors [2020] UKSC 24 Case comment

Case Comment: Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd v Visa Europe Services LLC and others [2020] UKSC 24 Case comment