The Industrial Cases Reports
[2022] ICR 190
Court of Justice of the European Union
IX
v
WABE eV
MH Müller Handels GmbH
v
MJ
(Joined Cases C‑804/18 and C‑341/19)
EU:C:2021:594
2020 Nov 24;
2021 Feb 25;
July 15
2021 Feb 25;
July 15
President K Lenaerts,
Vice-President R Silva de Lapuerta,
Presidents of Chambers A Prechal, M Vilaras, E Regan, L Bay Larsen, N Piçarra, A Kumin,
Judges T von Danwitz, C Toader, M Safjan, F Biltgen, PG Xuereb, LS Rossi, I Jarukaitis
Advocate General A Rantos
Vice-President R Silva de Lapuerta,
Presidents of Chambers A Prechal, M Vilaras, E Regan, L Bay Larsen, N Piçarra, A Kumin,
Judges T von Danwitz, C Toader, M Safjan, F Biltgen, PG Xuereb, LS Rossi, I Jarukaitis
Advocate General A Rantos
Discrimination— Religion or belief— Equal treatment— Employers prohibiting wearing of visible signs of belief at work as part of policy of political, philosophical and religious neutrality— Employees banned from wearing Islamic headscarf— Whether direct discrimination against workers observing dress codes based on religious precepts— Whether indirect discrimination justifiable by desire to pursue policy of neutrality— Whether prohibition limited to large-sized signs of belief justifiable— Whether national provisions protecting freedom of religion to be taken into account when considering indirect discrimination—
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
, art 10
—
Council Directive 2000/78/EC, arts 1, 2(2), 8(1)