The Law Reports (Queen's Bench Division)
[2003] QB 728
Court of Appeal
International Transport Roth GmbH and others v Secretary of State for the Home Department
[2002] EWCA Civ 158
2002 Jan 15,
16,
17,
18,
21,
22;
Feb 22
Feb 22
Simon Brown, Laws and Jonathan Parker LJJ
Human rights
— Right to fair trial
— Fixed penalty
— Penalty scheme whereby carriers liable to fixed penalty for clandestine entrants concealed in carriers' vehicles
— No provision in scheme for mitigation or for penalty to be fixed by independent tribunal
— Whether scheme criminal or civil
— Whether scheme incompatible with right to fair trial
— Whether scheme inconsistent with Community law
—
Human Rights Act 1998 (c 42), Sch. 1, Pt I, art 6
—
EC Treaty
, arts 28 EC, 49 EC