Results: 54

• Croydon London Borough Council v Kalonga

  02 Jun 2020 [2020] EWHC 1353 (QB); [2020] 1 WLR 4809; [2020] WLR(D) 319, QBD (Tipples J)

  27 Jan 2021 [2021] EWCA Civ 77; [2021] QB 962; [2021] 2 WLR 1069; [2021] WLR(D) 63, CA (King, Asplin, Arnold LJJ)

  19 Apr 2021 Permission to appeal to Supreme Court given

  09 Mar 2022 [2022] UKSC 7; [2023] AC 1; [2022] 2 WLR 592; [2022] 3 All ER 885, SC(E) (Lord Briggs, Lord Kitchin, Lord Leggatt, Lord Stephens JJSC, Lady Arden)

  Subsequent citations: 3.
  HOUSING — Secure tenancy — Claim for possession
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  Case index catchwords

  HOUSING — Secure tenancy — Claim for possession — Tenant occupying property pursuant to fixed-term flexible tenancy granted by local authority landlord — No forfeiture clause in tenancy agreement — Whether landlord entitled to seek possession prior to expiry of fixed term — Housing Act 1985 (c 68) (as amended by Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003 (c 38), s 14(1), Housing and Regeneration Act 2008 (c 17), s 299, Sch 11, para 2 and Localism Act 2011 (c 20), s 154), ss 82(1)(b)(1A), 107A

  HOUSING — Secure tenancy — Claim for possession — Tenant occupying property pursuant to fixed term flexible tenancy granted by local authority landlord — No forfeiture clause in tenancy agreement — Whether landlord entitled to seek possession prior to expiry of fixed term — Housing Act 1985 (c 68), s 82

  HOUSING — Secure tenancy — Claim for possession — Tenant occupying property pursuant to fixed term secure tenancy — Whether landlord entitled to bring claim for possession before expiry of fixed term without relying on forfeiture clause — Housing Act 1985 (c 68), s 82

  5 Case(s) considered

  1 Words & Phrases considered

  1 Statute considered
• R (Day) v Shropshire Council

  19 Dec 2019 [2019] EWHC 3539 (Admin), QBD (Lang J)

  23 Dec 2020 [2020] EWCA Civ 1751; [2021] QB 1127; [2021] 2 WLR 1049; [2021] WLR(D) 7, CA (David Richards, Hickinbottom, Andrews LJJ)

  15 Feb 2022 (appn all) [2022] 1 WLR 1851, SC(E) (Lord Kitchin, Lord Sales, Lord Leggatt JJSC)

  01 Mar 2023 [2023] UKSC 8; [2023] AC 955; [2023] 2 WLR 599; [2023] 2 All ER 969; The Times, 13 March 2023, SC(E) (Lord Reed PSC, Lord Kitchin, Lord Hamblen, Lord Stephens, Lady Rose JJSC)

  Subsequent considerations : 1 positive; most recently considered: 2024. Subsequent citations: 6.
  PLANNING — Development — Planning permission

  LOCAL GOVERNMENT — Powers — Sale of land
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  Case index catchwords

  PLANNING — Development — Planning permission

  LOCAL GOVERNMENT — Powers — Sale of land — Town council selling land subject to trust for public recreation without complying with statutory requirements for sale of such land — Purchaser having no actual knowledge of existence of trust — Whether trust enforceable against purchaser — Public Health Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict c 55), s 164 — Open Spaces Act 1906 (6 Edw 7, c 25), s 10 — Local Government Act 1972 (c 70), ss 123(2A), 128(2)

  LOCAL GOVERNMENT — Powers — Sale of land — Town council selling land subject to trust for public recreation without complying with statutory requirements for sale of such land — Whether trust enforceable against purchaser — Public Health Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict c 55), s 164 — Open Spaces Act 1906 (6 Edw 7, c 25), s 10 — Local Government Act 1972 (c 70), ss 123, 128(2)

  9 Case(s) considered

  3 Statutes considered
• Times Travel (UK) Ltd v Pakistan International Airlines Corpn

  14 Jun 2017 [2017] EWHC 1367 (Ch), Ch D (Warren J)

  14 May 2019 [2019] EWCA Civ 828; [2020] Ch 98; [2019] 3 WLR 445; [2020] 1 All ER (Comm) 31; [2019] 2 Lloyd's Rep 89; [2019] WLR (D) 277, CA (David Richards, Moylan, Asplin LJJ)

  05 Feb 2020 (appn all) [2020] 1 WLR 2523; Case details, SC(E) ( Lord Reed PSC, Lady Arden, Hamblen JJSC)

  18 Aug 2021 (Ukraine intervening) [2021] UKSC 40; [2023] AC 101; [2021] 3 WLR 727; [2022] 2 All ER 815; [2022] 1 All ER (Comm) 361; [2021] 2 Lloyd's Rep 234; The Times, 20 September 2021, SC(E) (Lord Reed PSC, Lord Hodge DPSC, Lord Lloyd-Jones, Lord Kitchin, Lord Burrows JJSC)

  Subsequent considerations : 1 positive; most recently considered: 2023. Subsequent citations: 33.
  CONTRACT — Validity — Economic duress
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  Case index catchwords

  CONTRACT — Validity — Economic duress — Contract entered into following exercise of lawful pressure in good faith — Whether contract voidable on grounds of duress

  7 Case(s) considered

• Basfar v Wong

  31 Jan 2020 UKEAT/223/19; [2020] ICR 1185; [2020] WLR(D) 240, EAT (Soole J)

  09 Nov 2020 (appn all) , SC(E)

  06 Jul 2022 [2022] UKSC 20; [2023] AC 33; [2022] 3 WLR 208; [2022] ICR 1255; [2022] 4 All ER 1; [2022] WLR(D) 305, SC(E) (Lord Briggs, Lord Hamblen, Lord Leggatt, Lord Stephens, Lady Rose JJSC)

  Subsequent citations: 13.
  CONFLICT OF LAWS — Sovereign immunity — Diplomatic immunity

  JUDICIAL PRECEDENT — Court of Appeal decision — How far binding
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  Case index catchwords

  CONFLICT OF LAWS — Sovereign immunity — Diplomatic immunity — Employment — Claimant employed to carry out domestic work for diplomat at diplomatic residence — Claims of constructive dismissal and failure to pay national minimum wage — Employer claiming diplomatic immunity — Claimant claiming to be victim of modern slavery — Whether claimant’s employment “commercial activity” exercised by diplomat — Diplomatic Privileges Act 1964 (c 81), Sch 1, art 31(1)

  JUDICIAL PRECEDENT — Court of Appeal decision — How far binding — Supreme Court allowing appeal on different ground — Obiter views expressed by Supreme Court justices on issue before Court of Appeal — Whether Court of Appeal decision binding on employment tribunal — Approach of Employment Appeal Tribunal

  CONFLICT OF LAWS — Sovereign immunity — Diplomatic immunity — Employment — Claimant employed to carry out domestic work for diplomat at diplomatic residence — Claims of constructive dismissal and failure to pay national minimum wage — Claimant pleading allegations of having been trafficked to United Kingdom by diplomat and forced to work in conditions of modern slavery — Whether employment of claimant under conditions of modern slavery capable of amounting to “commercial activity” so as to bring claim within exception to diplomatic immunity — Diplomatic Privileges Act 1964 (c 81), Sch 1, art 31(1) — United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000), art 3

  6 Case(s) considered

  1 Words & Phrases considered

  1 Statute considered

  1 International Agreement considered
• R (Elan-Cane) v Secretary of State for the Home Department

  22 Jun 2018 [2018] EWHC 1530 (Admin); [2018] 1 WLR 5119; [2018] 4 All ER 519; [2018] WLR (D) 397, QBD (Jeremy Baker J)

  10 Mar 2020 [2020] EWCA Civ 363; [2020] QB 929; [2020] 3 WLR 386; [2021] 1 All ER 25; [2021] 1 FLR 302; [2020] WLR (D) 157; The Times, 27 May 2020, CA (King, Irwin, Henderson LJJ)

  10 Nov 2020 (appn all) [2021] 1 WLR 699; Case details, SC(E) (Lord Hodge DPSC, Lady Arden, Lord Sales JJSC)

  15 Dec 2021 [2021] UKSC 56; [2023] AC 559; [2022] 2 WLR 133; [2022] 2 All ER 1; [2022] 1 FLR 1056; The Times, 12 January 2022, SC(E) (Lord Reed PSC, Lord Lloyd-Jones, Lady Arden, Lord Sales, Lady Rose JJSC)

  Subsequent considerations : 5 neutral; most recently considered: 2025. Subsequent citations: 43.
  HUMAN RIGHTS — Respect for private life — Gender identity

  COSTS — Order for costs — Costs capping order
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  Case index catchwords

  HUMAN RIGHTS — Respect for private life — Gender identity — Passport Office’s policy to issue passports bearing either male or female indicator — Whether infringing Convention rights of persons identifying as non-gendered — Whether concept of “private life” encompassing identification as non-gendered — Whether positive obligation on state to permit non-gendered persons to apply for passport indicating non-gendered identity — Whether discrimination against non-gendered persons in enjoyment of Convention rights — Human Rights Act 1998 (c 42), Sch 1, Pt I, arts 8, 14

  COSTS — Order for costs — Costs capping order — Parties to judicial review claim agreeing to cap costs — Judge dismissing claim but reducing costs payable by claimant on ground claimant making out part of claim — Judge applying reduction to capped costs rather than uncapped costs — Whether judge erring in not applying reduction to uncapped costs — Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015 (c 2), ss 88, 89 — CPR r 44.2

  HUMAN RIGHTS — Respect for private life — Gender identity — Passport Office’s policy to issue passports bearing either male or female indicator — Whether infringing Convention rights of persons identifying as non-gendered — Whether concept of “private life” encompassing identification as non-gendered — Whether positive obligation on state to permit non-gendered persons to apply for passports indicating non-gendered identity — Whether discrimination against non-gendered persons in enjoyment of Convention rights — Human Rights Act 1998 (c 42), Sch 1, Pt I, arts 8, 14

  HUMAN RIGHTS — Respect for private life — Gender identity — Policy of HM Passport Office to issue passports bearing either male or female indicator — Whether infringing Convention rights of persons identifying as non-gendered — Whether positive obligation on state to permit non-gendered persons to apply for passports indicating non-gendered identity — Whether discrimination against non-gendered persons in enjoyment of Convention rights — Human Rights Act 1998 (c 42) Sch I, Pt I, arts 8, 14

  10 Case(s) considered

  1 Words & Phrases considered

  2 Statutes considered

  1 Statutory Instrument considered

• Roberts v Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen and Families Association (Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen and Families Association v Allgemeines Krankenhaus Viersen GmbH)

  03 May 2019 [2019] EWHC 1104 (QB); [2020] QB 310; [2019] 3 WLR 343; [2019] WLR(D) 263, QBD (Soole J)

  17 Jul 2020 [2020] EWCA Civ 926; [2021] QB 859; [2021] 2 WLR 87; [2021] 2 All ER 449; [2021] 2 All ER (Comm) 497; [2020] WLR(D) 422, CA (David Richards, Irwin, Phillips LJJ)

  26 Jul 2021 (appn all) [2021] 1 WLR 4761, SC(E) (Lord Lloyd-Jones, Lady Arden, Lord Sales JJSC)

  02 Nov 2022 [2022] UKSC 29; [2023] AC 597; [2022] 3 WLR 1111; [2023] 1 All ER 1, SC(E) (Lord Reed PSC, Lord Hodge DPSC, Lord Lloyd-Jones, Lord Kitchin JJSC, Lord Hughes)

  Subsequent citations: 4.
  CONFLICT OF LAWS — Tort — Choice of law

  CONFLICT OF LAWS — Contribution claim — Choice of law
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  CONFLICT OF LAWS — Tort — Choice of law — Claim for damages alleging defendants liable for injuries suffered by claimant during birth at hospital in Germany — Defendants claiming contribution from German hospital — Claim for contribution time-barred under German law but not under English statute — Whether statute having mandatory or overriding effect applying to all proceedings for contribution brought in England and Wales — Civil Liability (Contribution) Act 1978 (c 47), ss 1, 2(3), 7(3)

  CONFLICT OF LAWS — Tort — Choice of law — Claim for damages alleging defendants liable for injuries suffered by claimant during birth at hospital in Germany — Defendants claiming contribution from German hospital — Claim for contribution time-barred under German law but not under English statute — Whether English statute having mandatory or overriding effect so as to apply to all proceedings for contribution brought in England and Wales — Civil Liability (Contribution) Act 1978 (c 47), ss 1, 7(3)

  CONFLICT OF LAWS — Contribution claim — Choice of law — Claim for damages alleging defendants liable for injuries suffered by claimant during birth at hospital in Germany — Defendants claiming contribution from German hospital — Claim for contribution time-barred under German law but not if English statute governing contribution claims applying — Whether English statute having mandatory or overriding effect so as to apply to all contribution claims brought in England and Wales — Civil Liability (Contribution) Act 1978 (c 47), ss 1, 2(3)(c), 7(3)

  7 Case(s) considered

  1 Statute considered
• Bott & Co Solicitors Ltd v Ryanair DAC

  16 Mar 2018 [2018] EWHC 534 (Ch), Ch D (Edward Murray sitting as a deputy High Court judge)

  12 Feb 2019 [2019] EWCA Civ 143; [2019] 1 WLR 3375; [2019] WLR(D) 84, CA (Lewison, Simon, Lindblom LJJ)

  05 Nov 2019 (appn all) [2019] 1 WLR 6640, SC(E) (Lord Kerr of Tonaghmore, Lord Carnwath, Lord Briggs JJSC)

  16 Mar 2022 [2022] UKSC 8; [2023] AC 635; [2022] 2 WLR 634; [2022] 4 All ER 255; [2022] 2 All ER (Comm) 475, SC(E) (Lord Briggs, Lord Leggatt, Lord Burrows, Lady Rose JJSC, Lady Arden)

  Subsequent considerations : 1 positive; most recently considered: 2022. Subsequent citations: 8.
  SOLICITOR — Costs — Lien
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  Case index catchwords

  SOLICITOR — Costs — Lien — Solicitors handling flight delay compensation claims for airline passengers — Airline making compensation payments directly to passengers — Whether solicitors entitled to equitable liens over such payments

  SOLICITOR — Costs — Lien — Solicitors handling flight delay compensation claims for passengers — Airline making direct payment to passengers who had instructed solicitors — Whether solicitors entitled to equitable lien over payment — Whether solicitors’ services attracting protection of equity — Whether “litigation services”

  7 Case(s) considered

• Chandler v State of Trinidad and Tobago

  16 May 2022 [2022] UKPC 19; [2023] AC 285; [2022] 3 WLR 39; [2022] WLR(D) 225, PC (Lord Reed PSC, Lord Hodge DPSC, Lord Sales, Lord Hamblen, Lord Stephens JJSC, Lord Hughes, Lord Lloyd-Jones, Lady Arden, Sir Nigel Davis)

  Subsequent citations: 10.
  CONSTITUTION — Trinidad and Tobago — Human rights and fundamental freedoms

  JUDICIAL PRECEDENT — Privy Council decision — Effect of decision
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  CONSTITUTION — Trinidad and Tobago — Human rights and fundamental freedoms — Mandatory death penalty for murder — Whether unconstitutional — Whether inconsistent with individual’s right not to be subjected to cruel and unusual punishment — Whether protected from constitutional challenge by savings clause for existing law — Whether inconsistent with doctrine of separation of powers — Offences Against the Person Act 1925, s 4 — Constitution of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago Act 1976, s 5, Sch, s 6

  JUDICIAL PRECEDENT — Privy Council decision — Effect of decision — Whether Privy Council to depart from own previous decision

  8 Case(s) considered

  2 Overseas Enactments considered
• Deutsche Bank AG London Branch v Receivers Appointed by the Court (Central Bank of Venezuela v Governor and Company of the Bank of England)

  02 Jul 2020 [2020] EWHC 1721 (Comm); [2021] QB 455; [2021] 2 WLR 1; [2021] 1 All ER 719; [2020] WLR (D) 382, QBD (Teare J)

  05 Oct 2020 [2020] EWCA Civ 1249; [2021] QB 455; [2021] 2 WLR 1; [2021] 1 All ER 719; [2020] WLR (D) 541, CA ( Lewison, Males, Phillips LJJ)

  09 Dec 2020 (appn dis) [2021] 1 WLR 724, SC(E) (Lord Reed PSC, Lord Hodge DPSC, Lord Lloyd-Jones JSC)

  22 Apr 2021 (appn all) [2021] 1 WLR 3520, SC(E) (Lord Reed PSC, Lord Hodge DPSC, Lord Lloyd-Jones JSC)

  20 Dec 2021 [2021] UKSC 57; [2023] AC 156; [2022] 2 WLR 167; [2022] 2 All ER 703; [2021] WLR(D) 638; The Times, 2 February 2022, SC(E) (Lord Reed PSC, Lord Hodge DPSC, Lord Lloyd-Jones, Lord Hamblen, Lord Leggatt JJSC)

  Subsequent considerations : 2 neutral; most recently considered: 2025. Subsequent citations: 20.
  INTERNATIONAL LAW — Recognition — Head of state
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  Case index catchwords

  INTERNATIONAL LAW — Recognition — Head of state — Rival claimants to presidency of foreign state — Challenger to sitting president claiming to be interim president — United Kingdom Government issuing statement recognising interim president as head of state but maintaining diplomatic relations with sitting president’s government — Whether interim president to be recognised as de jure and de facto head of state — Whether “one voice” doctrine of recognition applying equally to de jure and de facto recognition

  INTERNATIONAL LAW — Recognition — Head of state — Rival claimants to presidency of foreign state — Challenger to incumbent president claiming to be interim president — United Kingdom Government issuing statement recognising interim president as head of state but maintaining diplomatic relations with incumbent president’s government — Whether interim president recognised as de jure and de facto head of state — Whether distinction between de jure and de facto recognition relevant — Whether validity of foreign statute confirming interim president’s claim and validity of appointment by interim president non-justiciable as acts of state

  17 Case(s) considered

• Suraj v Attorney General of Trinidad and Tobago (Maharaj v Attorney General of Trinidad and Tobago)

  20 Jun 2022 [2022] UKPC 26; [2023] AC 337; [2022] 3 WLR 309; [2022] WLR(D) 308, PC (Lord Reed PSC, Lord Hodge DPSC, Lord Sales, Lord Hamblen, Lady Rose JJSC)

  Subsequent citations: 3.
  CONSTITUTION — Trinidad and Tobago — Human rights and fundamental freedoms
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  Case index catchwords

  CONSTITUTION — Trinidad and Tobago — Human rights and fundamental freedoms — Public health regulations prohibiting gatherings of more than five people in any public place and imposing restrictions on numbers attending religious services — Whether regulations “abrogating, abridging or infringing” Constitutional rights to freedom of assembly and of religious belief and observance — Whether Constitutional rights absolute or subject to proportionality assessment — Whether legitimate aim of protecting public from spread of disease rendering regulations proportionate — Public Health Ordinance 1940 (Ch 12 No 4), s 105 — Constitution of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago Act 1976, Sch, ss 4, 5, 7, 13

  2 Case(s) considered

  1 Words & Phrases considered

  3 Overseas Enactments considered