13 Jan 1969 [1970] P 21; [1969] 2 WLR 594; [1969] 2 All ER 155; [1969] 1 Lloyd's Rep 133, PDA (Willmer LJ)
09 Jul 1969 [1970] P 21; [1969] 3 WLR 902; [1969] 3 All ER 1179; [1969] 2 Lloyd's Rep 193, CA
16 Mar 1971 [1972] AC 242; [1971] 2 WLR 970; [1971] 1 All ER 1110; [1971] 1 Lloyd's Rep 341, HL(E)
ADMIRALTY — Salvage — Award — Negligence of salvors — Damage to vessel exceeding salvors' proper remuneration — Whether owners of salved vessel entitled to counterclaim for damages — Whether salvors entitled to limit liability — Whether diver's negligence in water act of person “on board” the ship — Whether act in “management of the ship” — Whether set-off between claim for salvage and counterclaim for damages — Whether whole of salvage claim to be set off — Merchant Shipping Act 1894, s 503 (1) (as amended by the Merchant Shipping (Liability of Shipowners and Others) Act, 1958, s 2 (1))
[1972] AC 242; [1971] 2 WLR 970; [1971] 1 All ER 1110; [1971] 1 Lloyd's Rep 341, HL(E)
ADMIRALTY — Salvage — Award — “No cure — No pay” principle — Basis of salvage reward — Salvors' liability for negligence
[1970] P 21; [1969] 2 WLR 594; [1969] 2 All ER 155; [1969] 1 Lloyd's Rep 133, PDA
[1970] P 21; [1969] 3 WLR 902; [1969] 3 All ER 1179; [1969] 2 Lloyd's Rep 193, CA
PRACTICE — Set-off — Counterclaim — Salvage award — Counterclaim for damages — Whether operating by way of set-off — Whether set-off before right to limit arises
[1970] P 21; [1969] 2 WLR 594; [1969] 2 All ER 155; [1969] 1 Lloyd's Rep 133, PDA
[1970] P 21; [1969] 3 WLR 902; [1969] 3 All ER 1179; [1969] 2 Lloyd's Rep 193, CA
SHIPPING — Limitation of liability — Salvage — Negligence of salvor's diver — Whether act of “person on board the ship” — Whether act in the “management of the ship” — Merchant Shipping Act, 1894, s 503 (1) — Merchant Shipping (Liability of Shipowners and Others) Act, 1958, s 2 (1)
[1970] P 21; [1969] 2 WLR 594; [1969] 2 All ER 155; [1969] 1 Lloyd's Rep 133, PDA
[1970] P 21; [1969] 3 WLR 902; [1969] 3 All ER 1179; [1969] 2 Lloyd's Rep 193, CA
[1972] AC 242; [1971] 2 WLR 970; [1971] 1 All ER 1110; [1971] 1 Lloyd's Rep 341, HL(E)
The Tojo Maru (No 2) [1970] P 21; [1969] 2 WLR 594; [1969] 2 All ER 155; [1969] 1 Lloyd's Rep 133, PDA
Decision of Willmer LJ reversed
The Tojo Maru (No 2) [1970] P 21; [1969] 3 WLR 902; [1969] 3 All ER 1179; [1969] 2 Lloyd's Rep 193, CA
The Tojo Maru (No 2) [1970] P 21; [1969] 3 WLR 902; [1969] 3 All ER 1179; [1969] 2 Lloyd's Rep 193, CA
Decision of the Court of Appeal reversed
The Tojo Maru (No 2) [1972] AC 242; [1971] 2 WLR 970; [1971] 1 All ER 1110; [1971] 1 Lloyd's Rep 341, HL(E)
"Management of the ship" — Merchant Shipping Act, 1894, s 503 (1) (as amended)
"Person … on board the ship" — Merchant Shipping Act, 1894, s 503 (1) (as amended)
Cases considered in: The Tojo Maru (No 2) [1972] AC 242; [1971] 2 WLR 970; [1971] 1 All ER 1110; [1971] 1 Lloyd's Rep 341, HL(E)
Alenquer, The [1955] 1 WLR 263, PDA Considered
Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co Ltd v Admiralty; The Delphinula (1947) 80 LlLRep 459, CA Applied
Dwina, The [1892] P 58, PDA Considered
Yan-Yean, The 8 PD 147, PDA Considered
C S Butler, The (1874) LR 4 A & E 178 Considered
The Thetis LR 2 AE 365, Admiralty Considered
Atlas, The (1862) Lush 518 Considered
Perla, The (1857) Swab 230 Considered
Cape Packet, The (1848) 3 WmRob 122 Considered
Cases considered in: The Tojo Maru (No 2) [1970] P 21; [1969] 3 WLR 902; [1969] 3 All ER 1179; [1969] 2 Lloyd's Rep 193, CA
Anonity, The [1961] 1 Lloyd's Rep 203 Distinguished
Alenquer, The [1955] 1 WLR 263, PDA Distinguished
Teal, The (1949) 82 LlLR 414 Distinguished
Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co Ltd v Admiralty Comrs, The Delphinula [1947] KB 794, CA Distinguished
Athelvictor, The [1946] P 42, PDA Distinguished
Dwina, The [1892] P 58, PDA Applied
Yan-Yean, The 8 PD 147, PDA Applied
Stoomvaart Maatschappy Nederland v P & O Steam Navigation Co (The Khedive) (1882) 7 App Cas 795, HL(E) Distinguished
C S Butler, The (1874) LR 4 A & E 178 Distinguished
The Thetis LR 2 AE 365, Admiralty Distinguished
Atlas, The (1862) Lush 518 Applied
Perla, The (1857) Swab 230 Applied
Cape Packet, The (1848) 3 WmRob 122 Applied
Cases considered in: The Tojo Maru (No 2) [1970] P 21; [1969] 2 WLR 594; [1969] 2 All ER 155; [1969] 1 Lloyd's Rep 133, PDA
Anonity, The [1961] 1 Lloyd's Rep 203 Considered
Moore v Metcalf Motor Coasters Ltd [1958] 2 Lloyd's Rep 179, 189 Dictum of Ashworth J applied; [1958] 2 Lloyd's Rep 179, 189
Hanak v Green [1958] 2 QB 9; [1958] 2 WLR 755; [1958] 2 All ER 141, CA Considered
Alenquer, The [1955] 1 WLR 263, PDA Considered
Athelvictor, The [1946] P 42, PDA Considered
Sydney, The [1916] P 300, PDA Distinguished
R v Lynch and Jones [1898] 1 QB 61, Crown Cases Reserved Distinguished
Dwina, The [1892] P 58, PDA Considered
Ettrick, The 6 PD 127, CA Considered
C S Butler, The (1874) LR 4 A & E 178 Considered
Chieftain, The (1863) Br & Lush 104 Distinguished
Cases cited in: The Tojo Maru (No 2) [1970] P 21; [1969] 2 WLR 594; [1969] 2 All ER 155; [1969] 1 Lloyd's Rep 133, PDA
Alenquer, The [1955] 1 WLR 263, PDA
Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co Ltd v Admiralty Comrs, The Delphinula [1947] KB 794, CA
Anonity, The [1961] 1 Lloyd's Rep 203
Athelvictor, The [1946] P 42, PDA
Atlas, The (1862) Lush. 518.
Bankes v Jarvis [1903] 1 KB 549, DC
Basten v. Butter (1806) 7 East 479.
Cape Packet, The (1848) 3 Wm.Rob. 122.
Charles Adolphe, The (1856) Swab. 153.
Chieftain, The (1863) Brown. & Lush. 104.
Duke of Manchester, The (1847) 6 Moo.P.C.C. 90, P.C.
Dwina, The [1892] P 58, PDA
Ettrick, The 6 PD 127, CA
Gale v. Laurie (1826) 5 B. & C. 156; 7 D. & R. 711.
Gosse Millerd Ltd v Canadian Government Merchant Marine Ltd [1928] 1 KB 717, CA
Goulandris Brothers Ltd v B Goldman & Sons Ltd [1957] 3 WLR 596, QBD
Hale v Victoria Plumbing Co Ltd [1966] 2 QB 746; [1966] 3 WLR 47; [1966] 2 All ER 672, CA
Hanak v. Green [1958] 2 Q.B. 9; [1958] 2 W.L.R. 755; [1958] 2 All E.R. 141, C.A.
Magdalen, The (1861) 31 L.J.Adm. 22.
Mondel v. Steel (1841) 8 M. & W. 858.
Moore v. Metcalf Motor Coasters Ltd. [1958] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 179.
Morgan & Son Ltd v Martin Johnson & Co Ltd [1949] 1 KB 107, CA
Owners Of The Steamship Susan v Luckenbach v Admiralty Commissioners The Susan v Luckenbach [1951] P 197, CA
Perla, The (1857) Swab. 230.
R v Lynch and Jones [1898] 1 QB 61, Crown Cases Reserved
Stonedale No 1, The [1955] 3 WLR 203, HL
Stoomvaart Maatschappy Nederland v P & O Steam Navigation Co (The Khedive) 7 App Cas 795, HL
Sydney, The [1916] P 300, PDA
Teal, The (1949) 82 Ll.L.R. 414.
The Beaverford (Owners) v The Kafiristan (Owners) [1938] AC 136, HL
The Bernina (No 2) 12 PD 36, PDA
The C S Butler (6672) LR 4 AE 178, Admiralty
The Government of Newfoundland v The Newfoundland Railway Co Plaintiffs 13 App Cas 199, PC
The Owners Of The Glengyle, Her Cargo and Freight v The Neptune Salvage Co Ltd, , Owners Of The Hermes and Newa [1898] AC 519, HL
The Vigilant [1921] P 312, Admiralty
Wahlberg v. Young (1876) 45 L.J.Q.B. 783.
Yan-Yean, The 8 PD 147, PDA
Young v Merchants’ Marine Insurance Co Ltd [1932] 2 KB 705, CA
Young v. Kitchin (1878) 3 Ex.D. 127.
Cases cited in: The Tojo Maru (No 2) [1970] P 21; [1969] 3 WLR 902; [1969] 3 All ER 1179; [1969] 2 Lloyd's Rep 193, CA
Albion, The (1861) Lush. 282.
Alderslade v Hendon Laundry Ltd [1945] KB 189, CA
Alenquer, The [1955] 1 WLR 263, PDA
Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co Ltd v Admiralty Comrs, The Delphinula [1947] KB 794, CA
Anonity, The [1961] 1 Lloyd's Rep 203
Athelvictor, The [1946] P 42, PDA
Atlantic Shipping and Trading Co. Ltd. v. Louis Dreyfus & Co. [1922] 2 A.C. 251, H.L.(E.).
Atlas, The (1862) Lush. 518.
Bankes v Jarvis [1903] 1 KB 549, DC
Basten v. Butter (1806) 7 East 479.
Burrell v. Simpson & Co. (1877) 4 R. (Ct. of Sess.) 177.
Calypso, The (1828) 2 Hag.Adm. 209.
Cape Packet, The (1848) 3 Wm.Rob. 122.
Cayzer, Irvine & Co v Carron Co (The Margaret) 9 App Cas 873, HL
Chapman v Royal Netherlands Steam Navigation Co 4 PD 157, CA
Charles Adolphe, The (1856) Swab. 153.
Dakin (H) & Co Ltd v Lee [1916] 1 KB 566, CA
Davis v Hedges LR 6 QB 687, QBD
Dingle v Coppen [1899] 1 Ch 726, Ch D
Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL 100; [1932] AC 562; 48 TLR 494; 1932 SLT 317; 1932 SC (HL) 31; [1932] WN 139, HL(Sc)
Duke of Manchester, The (1847) 6 Moo.P.C.C. 90, P.C.
Dwina, The [1892] P 58, PDA
Ettrick, The 6 PD 127, CA
Falcke v Scottish Imperial Insurance Co 34 ChD 234, CA
Five Steel Barges 15 PD 142, PDA
Fusilier, The (1865) Brown. & Lush. 341, P.C.
Gale v. Laurie (1826) 5 B. & C. 156.
Gee v. Liddell (No. 2) (1866) 35 Beav. 629.
Gosse Millerd Ltd v Canadian Government Merchant Marine Ltd [1928] 1 KB 717, CA
Green v. Farmer (1768) 4 Burr. 2214.
Hale v Victoria Plumbing Co Ltd [1966] 2 QB 746; [1966] 3 WLR 47; [1966] 2 All ER 672, CA
Hanak v. Green [1958] 2 Q.B. 9; [1958] 2 W.L.R. 755; [1958] 2 All E.R. 141, C.A.
In Re Whitehouse & Co 9 ChD 595, Ch D
Lockwoods, The (1845) 9 Jur. 1017.
Magdalen, The (1861) 31 L.J.P.M. & A. 22.
Mondel v. Steel (1841) 8 M. & W. 858.
Moore v. Metcalf Motor Coasters Ltd. [1958] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 179.
Morgan & Son Ltd v Martin Johnson & Co Ltd [1949] 1 KB 107, CA
Owners Of SS Melanie v Owners Of SS San Onofre (No 2) [1925] AC 246, HL
Owners Of The Steamship Susan v Luckenbach v Admiralty Commissioners The Susan v Luckenbach [1951] P 197, CA
Perla, The (1857) Swab. 230.
Queenforth, The (1923) 17 Ll.L.R. 204.
Raikes, The (1824) 1 Hag.Adm. 246.
Sandefjord, The [1953] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 557.
Silver Bullion, The (1854) 2 Ecc. & Ad. 70.
Stonedale No 1, The [1955] 3 WLR 203, HL
Stoomvaart Maatschappy Nederland v P & O Steam Navigation Co (The Khedive) 7 App Cas 795, HL
Suisse Atlantique Société d’Armement Maritime SA v NV Rotterdamsche Kolen Centrale (The Silvretta) [1967] 1 AC 361; [1966] 2 WLR 944; [1966] 2 All ER 61; [1966] 1 Lloyd's Rep 529, HL(E)
Sweet v Parsley [1970] AC 132; [1969] 2 WLR 470; [1969] 1 All ER 347; 53 Cr App R 221, HL(E)
Tantalus (Master And Crew) v Telemachus, Her Cargo And Freight (Owners) The Telemachus [1957] 2 WLR 200, PDA
Teal, The (1949) 82 Ll.L.R. 414.
Teh Hu, The [1969] 3 All E.R. 1135.
The Auguste Legembre [1902] P 123, PDA
The Beaverford (Owners) v The Kafiristan (Owners) [1938] AC 136, HL
The Bernina (No 2) 12 PD 36, PDA
The C S Butler (6672) LR 4 AE 178, Admiralty
The City Of Chester 9 PD 182, CA
The Gaetano and Maria 7 PD 137, CA
The Government of Newfoundland v The Newfoundland Railway Co Plaintiffs 13 App Cas 199, PC
The Hestia [1895] P 193, PDA
The Liverpool (No 2) [1963] P 64; [1960] 2 WLR 541; [1960] 1 All ER 465, PDA
The Owners Of The Glengyle, Her Cargo and Freight v The Neptune Salvage Co Ltd, , Owners Of The Hermes and Newa [1898] AC 519, HL
The Vigilant [1921] P 312, Admiralty
Thetis, The (1869) L.R. 2 A. & E. 365.
Wahlberg v. Young (1876) 45 L.J.C.P. 783.
Waterloo, The (1820) 2 Dods. 433.
Yan-Yean, The 8 PD 147, PDA
Young v Merchants’ Marine Insurance Co Ltd [1932] 2 KB 705, CA
Young v. Kitchin (1878) 3 Ex.D. 127.
Cases cited in: The Tojo Maru (No 2) [1972] AC 242; [1971] 2 WLR 970; [1971] 1 All ER 1110; [1971] 1 Lloyd's Rep 341, HL(E)
Alenquer, The [1955] 1 WLR 263, PDA
Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co. Ltd. v. Admiralty; The Delphinula (1946) 79 Ll.L.Rep. 611; [1947] K.B. 794; [1947] 2 All E.R. 465; 80 Ll.L.Rep. 459, C.A.
Anonity, The [1961] 1 Lloyd's Rep 203
Athelvictor, The [1946] P 42, PDA
Atlas, The (1862) Lush. 518, P.C.
Calypso, The (1828) 2 Hag.Adm. 209.
Cape Packet, The (1848) 3 Wm.Rob. 122.
Die Fire Damer (1805) 5 C.Rob. 357.
Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL 100; [1932] AC 562; 48 TLR 494; 1932 SLT 317; 1932 SC (HL) 31; [1932] WN 139, HL(Sc)
Dorset Yacht Co. Ltd. v. Home Office [1970] A.C. 1004; [1970] 2 W.L.R. 1140; [1970] 2 All E.R. 294, H.L.(E.).
Dougherty (P.) Co. v. United States (1953) 207 F. (2d) 626.
Duke of Manchester, The (1846) 2 Wm.Rob. 470.
Dwina, The [1892] P 58, PDA
Falcke v Scottish Imperial Insurance Co 34 ChD 234, CA
Flora, The, Ad.Ct., June 28, 1815.
Grill v The General Iron Screw Colliery Co Ltd LR 1 CP 600, CP
Hazel Branch, The (1929) 34 Ll.L.Rep. 301.
Henry Steers Jr., The (1901) 110 Fed.Rep. 578.
Ida, The (1860) Lush. 6.
Inca, The (1858) 12 Moo.P.C. 189.
India, The (1842) 1 Wm.Rob. 406.
Lockwoods, The (1845) 9 Jur. 1017.
Louisa, The (1813) 1 Dods. 317.
Magdalen, The (1861) 31 L.J.P.D. & A. 22.
Munro v Willmott [1949] 1 KB 295, KBD
Neptune, The (1842) 1 Wm.Rob. 297.
Noah's Ark, The v. Bentley & Felton Corporation (1961) 292 F. (2d) 437.
Owners Of SS Melanie v Owners Of SS San Onofre (No 2) [1925] AC 246, HL
Perla, The (1857) Swab. 230.
Peruvian Guano Co v Dreyfus Brothers & Co [1892] AC 166, HL
Queenforth, The (1923) 17 Ll.L.Rep. 204.
Raikes, The (1824) 1 Hag.Adm. 246.
Reid v. Fairbanks (1853) 13 C.B. 692.
Robert Pow, The (1863) Bro. & Lush. 99.
Rosalie, The (1853) 1 Sp. 188.
Sandefjord, The [1953] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 557.
Sarah, The (1800) 1 C.Rob. 313n.
Sarah, The (1862) Lush. 549.
Serviss v. Ferguson (1897) 84 F. 202 (U.S.A.).
Sweet v Parsley [1970] AC 132; [1969] 2 WLR 470; [1969] 1 All ER 347; 53 Cr App R 221, HL(E)
Teal, The (1949) 82 Ll.L.Rep. 414.
The Beaverford (Owners) v The Kafiristan (Owners) [1938] AC 136, HL
The C S Butler (6672) LR 4 AE 178, Admiralty
The Camellia 9 PD 27, PDA
The City Of Chester 9 PD 182, CA
The Gaetano and Maria 7 PD 137, CA
The Hestia [1895] P 193, PDA
The Industrie LR 3 AE 303, Admiralty
The Mersey Docks and Harbour Board v William H Turner, On Behalf Of Himself and All Others The Owners Of The Ss Zeta [1893] AC 468, HL
The Owners Of The Thomas Allen v Gow 12 App Cas 118, PC
The Renpor 8 PD 115, CA
The Teh Hu [1970] P 106; [1969] 3 WLR 1135; [1969] 3 All ER 1200; [1969] 2 Lloyd's Rep 365, CA
The Thetis LR 2 AE 365, Admiralty
Trelawney, The (1801) 3 C.Rob. 216n.
Universal Cargo Carriers Corpn v Citati (No 2) [1958] 2 QB 254; [1958] 3 WLR 109; [1958] 2 All ER 563; [1958] 2 Lloyd's Rep 17, CA
Ussa, The (1924) 18 Ll.L.Rep. 358.
Victoria Laundry (Windsor) Ltd v Newman Industries Ltd [1949] 2 KB 528, CA
Wertheim v Chicoutimi Pulp Co [1911] AC 301, PC
Yan-Yean, The 8 PD 147, PDA
Cases subsequently considering: The Tojo Maru (No 2) [1970] P 21; [1969] 3 WLR 902; [1969] 3 All ER 1179; [1969] 2 Lloyd's Rep 193, CA
Considered in The Caraka Jaya Niaga III-11 [2021] SGHC 43; [2021] 2 Lloyd's Rep 549, HC (Singapore)
Cases subsequently considering: The Tojo Maru (No 2) [1970] P 21; [1969] 2 WLR 594; [1969] 2 All ER 155; [1969] 1 Lloyd's Rep 133, PDA
Considered in The Caraka Jaya Niaga III-11 [2021] SGHC 43; [2021] 2 Lloyd's Rep 549, HC (Singapore)
Cases citing: The Tojo Maru (No 2) [1970] P 21; [1969] 2 WLR 594; [1969] 2 All ER 155; [1969] 1 Lloyd's Rep 133, PDA
Henriksens Rederi A/S v T H Z Rolimpex (The Brede) [1974] QB 233; [1973] 3 WLR 556; [1973] 3 All ER 589; [1973] 2 Lloyd's Rep 333, CA
The Teh Hu [1970] P 106; [1969] 3 WLR 1135; [1969] 3 All ER 8; [1969] 2 Lloyd's Rep 7, PDA
Cases citing: The Tojo Maru (No 2) [1970] P 21; [1969] 3 WLR 902; [1969] 3 All ER 1179; [1969] 2 Lloyd's Rep 193, CA
Australian Coastal Shipping Commission v Green [1971] 1 QB 456; [1971] 2 WLR 243; [1971] 1 All ER 353; [1971] 1 Lloyd's Rep 16, CA
Globalink Transportation and Logistics Worldwide llp v DHL Project & Chartering Ltd [2019] EWHC 225 (Comm); [2019] Bus LR 2012; [2019] 2 All ER (Comm) 393; [2019] 1 Lloyd's Rep 630; [2019] WLR (D) 111, QBD
Topalsson GmbH v Rolls-Royce Motor Cars Ltd [2023] EWHC 1765 (TCC), KBD
Cases citing: The Tojo Maru (No 2) [1972] AC 242; [1971] 2 WLR 970; [1971] 1 All ER 1110; [1971] 1 Lloyd's Rep 341, HL(E)
Banque Keyser Ullmann SA v Skandia (UK) Insurance Co Ltd [1990] 1 QB 665; [1987] 2 WLR 1300; [1987] 2 All ER 923; [1987] 1 Lloyd's Rep 69, QBD
Barrett v Enfield London Borough Council [1998] QB 367; [1997] 3 WLR 628; [1997] 3 All ER 171; [1997] 2 FLR 167; [1997] 3 FCR 145; (1997) 37 BMLR 16; (1998) 10 Admin LR 230; The Times, 22 April 1997, CA
CMA CGM SA v Classica Shipping Co Ltd (The CMA Djakarta) [2003] EWHC 641 (Comm); [2003] 2 All ER (Comm) 21; [2003] 2 Lloyd's Rep 50, QBD
CMA CGM SA v Classica Shipping Co Ltd (The CMA Djakarta) [2004] EWCA Civ 114; [2004] 1 All ER (Comm) 865; [2004] 1 Lloyd's Rep 460, CA
Capital & Counties plc v Hampshire County Council [1997] QB 1004; [1997] 3 WLR 331; [1997] 2 All ER 865; [1997] 2 Lloyd's Rep 161; 95 LGR 831, CA
Capital & Counties plc v Hampshire County Council [1996] 1 WLR 1553; [1996] 4 All ER 336, QBD
Gard Marine and Energy Ltd v China National Chartering Co Ltd (The Ocean Victory) [2017] UKSC 35; [2017] 1 WLR 1793; [2018] 1 All ER 832; [2018] 1 All ER (Comm) 1; [2017] 1 Lloyd's Rep 521; [2017] WLR (D) 333; Case details, SC(E)
MSC Mediterranean Shipping Co SA v Stolt Tank Containers BV (The Flaminia) [2022] EWHC 2746 (Admlty); [2023] Bus LR 686; [2022] WLR(D) 449, KBD
MSC Mediterranean Shipping Co SA v Stolt Tank Containers BV (The Flaminia) [2023] EWCA Civ 1007; [2024] Bus LR 311; [2024] 1 All ER (Comm) 364; [2023] WLR(D) 484, CA
Marc Rich & Co AG v Bishop Rock Marine Co Ltd (The Nicholas H) [1996] AC 211; [1995] 3 WLR 227; [1995] 3 All ER 307; [1995] 2 Lloyd's Rep 299; [1995] CLC 934, HL(E)
Saif Ali v Sydney Mitchell & Co [1980] AC 198; [1978] 3 WLR 849; [1978] 3 All ER 1033, HL(E)
Stanton v Callaghan [2000] QB 75; [1999] 2 WLR 745; [1998] 4 All ER 961; [1998] 3 EGLR 165; [1999] BLR 172; [1999] PNLR 116; (1998) 148 NLJ 1355; The Times, 25 July 1998; The Independent, 16 July 1998, CA
The Aldora [1975] QB 748; [1975] 2 WLR 791; [1975] 2 All ER 69; [1975] 1 Lloyd's Rep 617, QBD
The Eschersheim [1975] 1 WLR 83; [1974] 3 All ER 307; [1974] 2 Lloyd's Rep 188, QBD
The Esso Malaysia [1975] QB 198; [1974] 3 WLR 341; [1974] 2 All ER 705; [1974] 2 Lloyd's Rep 143, QBD
The Funabashi [1972] 1 WLR 666; [1972] 2 All ER 181; [1972] 1 Lloyd's Rep 371, QBD
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